Enterococcal bacteremia in children: Clinical Significance of vancomycin resistance.

Background: We aimed to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of enterococcal bacteremia, as well as the effect of Enterococcus resistance against vancomycin on clinical outcomes in Korean children.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children diagnosed with enterococci isolated from blood cultures at Pusan National University Children's Hospital between December 2009 and November 2021.

Results: In total, 64 patients were enrolled in the study.

A phase 3, single-arm, open-label study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, V114, in a 3+1 regimen in healthy infants in South Korea (PNEU-PED-KOR).

There is an ongoing burden of pneumococcal disease in children despite the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). This phase 3, open-label, single-arm, multisite, descriptive study was designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a 3 + 1 regimen of V114 (VAXNEUVANCE™), a 15-valent PCV, in South Korean infants and toddlers. Adverse events (AEs) were reported for 14 d following any vaccination, and throughout the study period for serious AEs.

Tonic NMDAR Currents of NR2A-Containing NMDARs Represent Altered Ambient Glutamate Concentration in the Supraoptic Nucleus.

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) modulate glutamatergic excitatory tone in the brain via two complementary modalities: a phasic excitatory postsynaptic current and a tonic extrasynaptic modality. Here, we demonstrated that the tonic NMDAR-current ( ) mediated by NR2A-containing NMDARs is an efficient biosensor detecting the altered ambient glutamate level in the supraoptic nucleus (SON). of magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) measured by nonselective NMDARs antagonist, AP5, at holding potential ( ) -70 mV in low concentration of ECF Mg ([Mg]) was transiently but significantly increased 1-week post induction of a DOCA salt hypertensive model rat which was compatible with that induced by a NR2A-selective antagonist, PEAQX ( ) in both DOCA-HO and DOCA-salt groups.

Contact Investigations With a Single Tuberculin Skin Test on Infants Exposed to Tuberculosis in a Postpartum Care Center During the Neonatal Period.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) exposure in congregate settings related to neonates is a serious medical and social issue. TB exposure happens during the neonatal period, but contact investigations for exposed infants are usually conducted after the neonatal period. Generally, recommendations for screening and managing close contact are different for neonates and children.

Microbiologic Epidemiology of Early-onset Sepsis in Neonates Born at ≥35 0/7 Weeks' Gestation in Korea During 2009-2018.

Background: Sepsis within the first 3 days of life remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. However, few studies have addressed the epidemiology of sepsis in late preterm and term neonates, particularly in Asia. We aimed to estimate the epidemiology of early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonates born at ≥35 0/7 weeks' gestation in Korea.

The Prevalence of Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Disease in Korea; A 15-Year Multicenter Study and Analysis of Big Data From National Health Insurance System.

The birth prevalence of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) disease among live birth in Korea from a multicenter study was 0.06% during 2001-2015 with increasing frequency. The administrative prevalence of cCMV infection by big-data analysis from the national health insurance system was 0.

Changes in Etiology of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Infants Under 3 Months of Age in Korea, 2006-2020.

Objectives: Invasive bacterial infection (IBI) causes a significant burden in infants. In this study, we analyzed changes in epidemiology of IBI among infants in Korea.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter-based surveillance for IBIs in infants <3 months of age was performed during 2006-2020.

A Case Report of Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans After Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a 10-Year-Old Child.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually less severe in children and adolescents than in adults. However, it can cause severe respiratory illness in a small proportion of children with risk factors. Here, we report a rare case of a 10-year-old boy with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans that developed after pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Antiallodynic effects of KDS2010, a novel MAO-B inhibitor, via ROS-GABA inhibitory transmission in a paclitaxel-induced tactile hypersensitivity model.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have been investigated for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Here, we assessed the antiallodynic effects of a novel MAO-B inhibitor, KDS2010, on paclitaxel (PTX)-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Oral administration of KDS2010 effectively relieved PTX-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner.

Case Report: Novel Splicing Variant in in a Patient With X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Type 1.

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1 (XLP1), an X-linked recessive genetic disorder, is associated with primary immunodeficiency. Patients with XLP1 are susceptible to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. gene is known as the causative gene.

Controlling an Outbreak of Multidrug-resistant in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: a Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDRAB) is widespread among intensive care units worldwide, posing a threat to patients and the health system. We describe the successful management of a MDRAB outbreak by implementing an infection-control strategy in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods: This retrospective study investigated the patients admitted to the PICU in periods 1 (8 months) and 2 (7 months), from the index MDRAB case to intervention implementation, and from intervention implementation to cessation of MDRAB spread.

Report of the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases Roundtable Discussion on Responses to the Measles Outbreaks in Korea in 2019.

During the 2019 domestic measles outbreak in Korea, measles occurred in healthcare workers with two doses of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine, and the strict application of the Occupational Safety and Health Act required medical institutions to identify healthcare workers' immunity to measles and vaccinate the susceptible pockets. In response to the frontline medical institutions' request to review the measles recommendations and guidelines, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases held a roundtable discussion on the causes of measles outbreak, timing of vaccinations, antibody tests, and booster vaccinations for healthcare workers, and financial support from the government and municipality as well as response strategies against the outbreak in healthcare settings. In Korea, the seroprevalence of measles is decreasing in the vaccine-induced immunity group during the maintenance of measles elimination over several years.

Efficacy of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones for the treatment of macrolide-refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen that causes community-acquired pneumonia in school-age children. Macrolides are considered a first-line treatment for M. pneumoniae infection in children, but macrolide-refractory M.

Pediatric and Parents' Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccines and Intention to Vaccinate for Children.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is necessary to reach herd immunity and essential for mitigating the spread of the pandemic. In May 2021, the US FDA and the EU have expanded the emergency use authorization for a COVID-19 vaccine to children aged 12 to 15. The aim of this study was to investigate parental acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination for their children, factors affecting their acceptability, and children's perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in Republic of Korea.