Domestic tourism spending and economic vulnerability.

This study examines the influence of domestic tourism on economic vulnerability index (EVI). Domestic tourism spending has a significant effect in reducing EVI. These results are consistent with two sub-indices of EVI (shock index and exposure index).

Nexus between financial development & energy intensity: Two sides of a coin?

This study examines the multidimensional impact of financial development (FD) on consumption energy intensity and production energy intensity. A global sample of 81 economies consisting of three subsamples (29 high income [HIEs], 21 upper middle income [UMEs] and 31 low and lower middle income [LMEs]) from 1997 to 2013 is analyzed by employing several estimators and an inclusive estimation strategy for empirical robustness. Our key findings suggest that: First, FD is broadly found to increase production energy intensity except for the negative effects of financial institutions' efficiency.