Health status correlates of malnutrition diagnosed based on the GLIM criteria in older Polish adults-Results of the PolSenior 2 study.

Introduction: Older individuals are at risk of malnutrition resulting from chronic diseases-related body and muscle mass reduction. In turn, nutritional deficiencies may enhance catabolic processes, leading to accelerated aging and comorbidity, thus creating a vicious cycle. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and to determine the health correlates of malnutrition in a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults.

Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing Identified Using STOPP/START Version 3 in Geriatric Patients and Comparison with Version 2: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and inappropriate prescribing are significant challenges in the geriatric population. Tools such as the Beers List, FORTA, and STOPP/START criteria have been developed to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP). STOPP/START criteria detect both potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs).

Body compositions phenotypes of older adults with COPD.

Purpose: Changes in nutritional status are important extrapulmonary manifestations of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study aimed to assess the prevalence of different body composition phenotypes in older patients with COPD and to investigate the relationship between these phenotypes and the severity of the disease, as well as physical performance of the subjects.

Patients And Methods: The study included 124 subjects aged ≥60 with COPD.

Causes of Anemia in Polish Older Population-Results from the PolSenior Study.

Vitamin B, folate, iron deficiency (IDA), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and anemia of inflammation (AI) are among the main causes of anemia in the elderly. WHO criteria of nutritional deficiencies neglect aging-related changes in absorption, metabolism, and utilization of nutrients. Age-specific criteria for the diagnosis of functional nutritional deficiency related to anemia are necessary.

Polish Translation and Validation of the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA) Questionnaire to Assess Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Risk Factors of Sarcopenia in Older Adults.

A simple, short, cheap, and reasonably sensitive and specific screening tool assessing both nutritional and non-nutritional risk factors for sarcopenia is needed. Potentially, such a tool may be the Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA) Questionnaire, which is available in a seven-item (MSRA-7) and five-item (MSRA-5) version. The study's aim was Polish translation and validation of both MSRA versions in 160 volunteers aged ≥60 years.

Polish version of SARC-F to assess sarcopenia in older adults: An examination of reliability and validity.

Introduction: SARC-F is a quick questionnaire recommended as a screening tool for sarcopenia. The aim of the study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Polish version of the SARC-F for community-dwelling older adults in Poland.

Materials And Methods: We included 160 Polish volunteers aged ≥ 60 years (44% of men).

Prevalence of anemia in relation to socio-economic factors in elderly Polish population: the results of PolSenior study.

Anemia is an independent risk factor for functional decline and mortality among older adults. Since mild anemia in older people is often under-diagnosed and ignored, its prevalence needs precise determination and recognition of predisposing factors. None of the previous studies based on the data obtained from the representative elderly population identified the influence of socio-economic factors on the prevalence of anemia.

Iron status in obese women.

Introduction And Objective: A decreased concentration of iron, and consecutively haemoglobin, ferritin and decreased level of saturated transferrin, were observed in obese individuals more often than in healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation are significantly diminished in obese female patients compared to non-obese counterparts, and whether excess adiposity and inflammation were associated with depleted iron.

Material And Methods: Female patients (n=48) diagnosed with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m), aged 18-40 were accepted for the study.

The effect on renal structure and function of late-life-introduced caloric restriction (CR) in rats.

Previous studies have shown that life-long caloric restriction in rats protects the kidneys from age-dependent injury. In this study, we analyzed whether late-life-introduced caloric restriction has a similar effect. The study lasted 12 months.

The role of the TGF/Smad signaling pathway in peritoneal fibrosis induced by peritoneal dialysis solutions.

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions contribute to peritoneal membrane damage. We investigated how conventional and biocompatible PD solutions with different glucose concentrations affect morphological and functional signs of peritoneal fibrosis as well as the TGF-beta1/Smad signaling pathway in a chronic PD rat model.

Methods: Non-uremic male Wistar rats (n = 28) were dialyzed thrice daily for 28 days with 20 ml of a conventional solution (Dianeal 1.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists diminish peritoneal functional and morphological changes induced by bioincompatible peritoneal dialysis solution.

Background: To evaluate if peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists have a potential protective effect on the peritoneum changes induced by bioincompatible peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution in vivo.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were dialyzed three times daily for 28 days with 1.36% Dianeal (two groups: with (D+R) or without (D) rosiglitazone) or 1.

Effects of glutathione supplementation during peritoneal dialysis.

We examined the effect of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ) on peritoneal morphology and function of mesothelial cells in rats during peritoneal dialysis (PD). We implanted intraperitoneal catheters into 14 rats and injected the rats twice daily for 4 weeks with standard PD fluid (group C, control; n = 7) or PD fluid supplemented with OTZ 1 mmol/L (group OTZ; n = 7). At the beginning and the end of the study, we collected samples of 4-hour dwell effluents from every rat under sterile conditions.

[Astigmatism at post operational stage after a phacoemulsification cataract removal].

Objective: Assessment of post operation astigmatism and dynamics of its reduction within three month after the procedure.

Material And Methodology: The research included cataract removal in 140 eyes by means of phacoemulsification (100) and extracapsular (40) methods. Central keratotomy and refraction measurements were conducted with a refractor on 2nd, 7th, 30th and 90th day after the procedure.

Intraperitoneal enalapril ameliorates morphologic changes induced by hypertonic peritoneal dialysis solutions in rat peritoneum.

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is one of the most serious causes of technique failure in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although the mechanisms responsible for the genesis of PF are not well understood, angiotensin II is known to promote fibrosis and inflammation in various tissues and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been shown to attenuate those effects. We previously showed that ACEIs have beneficial effects on peritoneal alterations induced by hypertonic (3.

Glucose and mannitol have different effects on peritoneal morphology in chronically dialyzed rats.

In previous studies, we showed that glucose reduces the morphologic changes in rat peritoneum caused by chronic intraperitoneal administration of 0.9% NaCl solution. In the present study, we set out to determine if the observed results were attributable to hyperosmolarity or to the metabolic effect of the glucose.

Glucose suppresses peritoneal inflammatory reactions and mesothelial hyperplasia caused by intraperitoneal saline infusion.

In the past, we had observed that infusion of normal saline into the peritoneal cavity stimulates an inflammatory response. In the present study, we examined what effect the addition of glucose to normal saline would have on the peritoneal inflammatory response and change in peritoneal morphology. After catheter implantation, rats were infused intraperitoneally (i.

Comparison of the biocompatibility of phosphate-buffered saline alone, phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with glucose, and dianeal 3.86%.

Objective: We compared the effects of intraperitoneal infusion of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), of PBS supplemented with 3.86% glucose (G), and of standard dialysis solution [Dianeal 3.

Morphometric study of the cornea in human embryos.

Morphometric study was conducted on 28, serially sectioned staged human embryos. The cornea is of equal thickness during its early development (stages 15-17). During developmental stages 18 and 19 (7th week) it is thicker in the central part.

Hypertonicity of dialysis fluid suppresses intraperitoneal inflammation.

We studied acute and chronic intraperitoneal inflammation during dialysis performed in rats injected with phosphate-buffered saline alone (PBS) or PBS supplemented with glucose (Glu) or with mannitol (Man). In acute experiments, the result of a first dialysis with PBS in every rat (dialysis I) was compared with a second dialysis performed 24 hours later (dialysis II) using a different dialysis fluid: either PBS with 3.86 g/dL Man or PBS with 3.

Morphometric study of the human embryonic retina.

In 33 embryos the retinal thickness and neuronal density was investigated. Diameter of the eye in relation to embryonic age increases linearly to stage 20 and after this period is more pronounced. Thickness of the external nuclear layer increases slowly in the investigated period.

Morphometric study of the lens in staged human embryos.

In 32 embryos of developmental stages 13 to 23 the measurements of the eye and lens were made. It was shown that the speed of growth of the eye and lens is at a maximum between 19 and 23 stages. Beginning from stage 19 the lens acquires ellipsoidal shape.

[Clinical description of pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule].

The authors presented their clinical observation of 75 cases of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The most frequent reasons for admission were glaucoma (65%) and cataract (27%). The diagnosis of pseudoexfoliation of lens capsule was made basing on the examination of the anterior segment of the eyeball with slit lamp.

[Spontaneous Pulfrich's effect in patients with dysfunction of the optic nerve].

Twenty patients with various dysfunctions of the optic nerve were subjected to examinations by means of a test based on the Pulfrich's phenomenon. The Pulfrich's effect was observed in 18 among them. The survey of the phenomenon was continued in 5 patients in the course of the treatment.

[Use of Pulfrich's phenomenon in ophthalmological diagnosis].

The Pulfrich effect is a simply observable visual stereo phenomenon arising when the visual latency for one eye is longer than for the another. In the paper the review of the literature devoted to the application of this phenomenon for the ophthalmological diagnosis is presented. The authors come to the conclusion that the Pulfrich effect can be successfully used in clinical practice as an indicator of many ophthalmological disorders especially of optic neuritis.