Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder.

Background: Glutamergic system dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar depression. This is an update of the 2015 Cochrane Review for the use of glutamate receptor modulators for depression in bipolar disorder.

Objectives: 1.

Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive disorder.

Background: Many studies have recently been conducted to assess the antidepressant efficacy of glutamate modification in mood disorders. This is an update of a review first published in 2015 focusing on the use of glutamate receptor modulators in unipolar depression.

Objectives: To assess the effects - and review the acceptability and tolerability - of ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators in alleviating the acute symptoms of depression in people with unipolar major depressive disorder.

Aripiprazole (intramuscular) for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation).

Background: People experiencing psychosis may become aggressive. Antipsychotics, such as aripiprazole in intramuscular form, can be used in such situations.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of intramuscular aripiprazole in the treatment of psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation).

Benzodiazepines for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation.

Background: Acute psychotic illness, especially when associated with agitated or violent behaviour, can require urgent pharmacological tranquillisation or sedation. In several countries, clinicians often use benzodiazepines (either alone or in combination with antipsychotics) for this outcome.

Objectives: To examine whether benzodiazepines, alone or in combination with other pharmacological agents, is an effective treatment for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation when compared with placebo, other pharmacological agents (alone or in combination) or non-pharmacological approaches.

Ethnic Minority Status, Age-at-Immigration and Psychosis Risk in Rural Environments: Evidence From the SEPEA Study.

Objective: Several ethnic minority groups experience elevated rates of first-episode psychosis (FEP), but most studies have been conducted in urban settings. We investigated whether incidence varied by ethnicity, generation status, and age-at-immigration in a diverse, mixed rural, and urban setting.

Method: We identified 687 people, 16-35 years, with an ICD-10 diagnosis of FEP, presenting to Early Intervention Psychosis services in the East of England over 2 million person-years.

The Epidemiology of First-Episode Psychosis in Early Intervention in Psychosis Services: Findings From the Social Epidemiology of Psychoses in East Anglia [SEPEA] Study.

Objective: Few studies have characterized the epidemiology of first-episode psychoses in rural or urban settings since the introduction of early intervention psychosis services. To address this, the authors conducted a naturalistic cohort study in England, where such services are well established.

Method: All new first-episode psychosis cases, 16-35 years old, presenting to early intervention psychosis services in the East of England were identified during 2 million person-years follow-up.

Congenital cystic eye with multiple dermal appendages and intracranial congenital anomalies.

Congenital cystic eye (anophthalmia with cyst) is an extremely rare anomaly discovered at birth with few reported cases in the literature, resulting from partial or complete failure during invagination of the primary optic vesicle during fetal development. Herein we present the radiographic, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a unique case of congenital cystic eye associated with dermal appendages and advanced intracranial congenital anomalies in a 3-month-old boy.

Delusional disorder and alcohol abuse in a patient with Wilson's disease.

Objective: Wilson's disease (WD) or hepatolenticular degeneration is a rare disorder of copper metabolism that results in copper deposition in brain, liver, kidneys and the cornea. Due to the copper deposits in the brain, neurological and psychiatric symptoms may appear. The psychiatric manifestations may vary from mood disorders, behavioral and personality disorders to cognitive impairment, while psychotic symptoms are rarely reported.