Differences in Perceived Versus Actual Sensory Perception in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.

Background: Individuals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) self-report heightened sensitivity to taste and smell, but neither phenomenon has been systematically explored in the laboratory. We hypothesized that, compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 34), children, adolescents, and adults with full/subthreshold ARFID (n = 100; ages 9 to 23 years) would self-report heightened response to taste/smell stimuli and exhibit stronger bitter taste perception and heightened smell perception in performance-based tasks, and these differences would be especially prominent in those with the ARFID-sensory sensitivity presentation.

Method: We measured self-reported sensitivity to taste/smell with the adolescent/adult sensory profile (AASP).

Rapid Adaptation and Interspecific Introgression in the North American Crop Pest Helicoverpa zea.

Insect crop pests threaten global food security. This threat is amplified through the spread of nonnative species and through adaptation of native pests to control measures. Adaptations such as pesticide resistance can result from selection on variation within a population, or through gene flow from another population.

Adverse childhood experiences and early initiation of substance use: A survival analysis.

Objective: Early adversity, such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), is a risk factor for the development of substance use disorder (SUD). ACEs are associated with earlier initiation of substance use. This study examined the relationship between ACEs and age of initiation of substance use using survival analysis.

Intentional enterotomies: validation of a novel robotic surgery training exercise.

While laparoscopic simulation-based training is a well-established component of general surgery training, no such requirement or standardized curriculum exists for robotic surgery. Furthermore, there is a lack of high-fidelity electrocautery simulation training exercises in the literature. Using Messick's validity framework, we sought to determine the content, response process, internal content and construct validity of a novel inanimate tissue model that utilizes electrocautery for potential incorporation in such curricula.

Transcriptome Analysis of Developing Grains from Wheat Cultivars TAM 111 and TAM 112 Reveal Cultivar-Specific Regulatory Networks.

Wheat flour's end-use quality is tightly linked to the quantity and composition of storage proteins in the endosperm. TAM 111 and TAM 112 are two popular cultivars grown in the Southern US Great Plains with significantly different protein content. To investigate regulatory differences, transcriptome data were analyzed from developing grains at early- and mid-filling stages.

A behaviorally anchored assessment tool for bedside teaching in the emergency department.

Evaluating a resident's development as a bedside educator in the emergency department (ED) is challenging. Teaching consults, where trainees are observed and assessed in their teaching skills, have been used to improve bedside teaching. Within emergency medicine, there are a few assessment tools to evaluate a clinician's bedside teaching, with the majority focusing on faculty.

Model Development of a Novel Robotic Surgery Training Exercise With Electrocautery.

Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) has undergone rapid adoption in general surgery due to features such as three-dimensional visualization, wrist dexterity, improved precision of movement, and operator ergonomics. While many surgical trainees encounter RAS during their residency, robotic skills training programs and curricula vary across institutions and there is broad variation in graduating general surgeons' robotic proficiency levels. Due to a need for a formalized process to achieve competence on the robotic platform, simulation-based training has become instrumental in closing this gap as it provides training in a low-stakes environment while allowing the trainee to improve their psychomotor and basic procedural skills.

A practical guide to appendicitis evaluation and treatment.

Which clinical findings most reliably point to appendicitis? How do the 3 primary clinical scoring systems compare? When is it time to order imaging studies?

Maximizing Benefit of Virtual Learning: Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has profoundly impacted surgical education. We assessed resident perceptions of our virtual academic program, which consists of daily lectures or case conferences held via a videoconferencing platform.

Methods: A survey evaluating attitudes and practices for virtual academics was administered to general surgery residents.

Peer coaching increases emergency medicine faculty ability to perform and teach awake fiberoptic intubation.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the impact of peer coaching as a continuing medical education (CME) modality to improve faculty performance and teaching of a low-frequency, high-complexity procedure, awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI).

Methods: Academic emergency medicine faculty at a single tertiary care, Level I trauma center participated in a prospective pre-/postinterventional assessment of a peer coaching educational intervention. Participants completed a preintervention online survey to identify comfort and previous experience with performing and teaching AFOI.

Incidence of central line associated bloodstream infection following central venous catheter placement in the emergency department.

Introduction: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are costly and can be lifethreatening. Many efforts have been taken to minimize the rates of infection, including sterile technique, pre-packaged sterile kits, site selection, and replacing infected or potentially infected lines. This study aims to identify the incidence of CLABSI following catheter placement in the ED, and to compare rates of CLABSI among ED and ICU placed catheters.

Case Report: Paucisymptomatic College-Age Population as a Reservoir for Potentially Neutralization-Resistant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants.

To better understand the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant lineage distribution in a college campus population, we carried out viral genome surveillance over a 7-week period from January to March 2021. Among the sequences were three novel viral variants: BV-1 with a B.1.

Employer and Plan Sponsor Views on Pharmacy Reimbursement.

No funding was received for the writing of this commentary. Stull is employed by Employers Health, which is an employer-founded and employer-led group-purchasing organization with a focus on managing contracts for self-funded plan sponsors with PBMs. It also hosts educational conferences and events for which it receives sponsorships from a variety of health benefit suppliers, including pharmaceutical manufacturers, insurance carriers, PBMs and others.

Development and Validation of a Lecture Assessment Tool for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Background: Delivering quality lectures is a critical skill for residents seeking careers in academia yet no validated tools for assessing resident lecture skills exist.

Objectives: The authors sought to develop and validate a lecture assessment tool.

Methods: Using a nominal group technique, the authors derived a behaviorally anchored assessment tool.

Extracorporeal Filtration of Potassium in a Swine Model of Bilateral Hindlimb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury With Severe Acute Hyperkalemia.

Introduction: Options for the treatment of hyperkalemia in the pre-hospital setting are limited, particularly in the context of natural disaster or during combat operations. Contemporary interventions require extensive resources and technical expertise. Here we examined the potential for a simple, field deployable bridge-dialysis as a countermeasure for acute hyperkalemia induced by prolonged ischemia-reperfusion.

Social Determinants of Health: A Missing Link in Emergency Medicine Training.

The health of a population depends upon several factors, including disease, public health initiatives, and the social determinants of health (SDH). These factors often converge in the emergency department (ED) where the impact of social conditions such as homelessness, low-literacy, and poverty lead to recidivism and may contribute to provider burnout. Inclusion of SDH topics in EM residency curricula can provide needed background information and effective strategies for coping with these patients in the clinical setting.

Antimicrobial-bonded graft patency in the setting of a polymicrobial infection in swine (Sus scrofa).

Background: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Dacron are commonly used as arterial conduits in vascular trauma or infection when vein interposition graft may not be available. This study used a previously validated large animal model of polymicrobial infection to assess the patency and infectious resistance of a novel, antibiotic-impregnated graft material compared with PTFE and Dacron.

Methods: Forty-eight animals were placed into five groups for a 21-day survival period.

Prosthetic Graft Patency in the Setting of a Polymicrobial Infection in Swine (Sus scrofa).

Background: In the setting of vascular injury, vein interposition graft is the preferred conduit, but may have limited availability. This study seeks to develop a large animal model assessing the graft performance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Dacron in the setting of a polymicrobial infection.

Methods: Thirty-seven animals were placed into 4 groups for a 21-day survival period.