Radiosensitization in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma: Targets, Resistance and Developments.

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. These epigenetically dysregulated tumors often harbor mutations in genes encoding , which contributes to a stem cell-like, therapy-resistant phenotype. Furthermore, pHGG are characterized by a diffuse growth pattern, which, together with their delicate location, makes complete surgical resection often impossible.

Reducing the Risk of Indwelling Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Female Patients by Implementing an Alternative Female External Urinary Collection Device: A Quality Improvement Project.

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) risk for female patients by implementing a female external urinary collection (FEUC) device with suction as an alternative to indwelling catheter (IDC).

Participants And Setting: Participants were female patients admitted to our 386-bed community hospital in Southern California and who required urinary management.

Approach: We implemented a comprehensive CAUTI prevention program in 2014 that was in place for 1.

Rapid loss of microvascular integrin expression during focal brain ischemia reflects neuron injury.

The integrity of cerebral microvessels requires the close apposition of the endothelium to the astrocyte endfeet. Integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha6beta4 are cellular matrix receptors that may contribute to cerebral microvascular integrity. It has been hypothesized that focal ischemia alters integrin expression in a characteristic time-dependent manner consistent with neuron injury.

Divalent cations regulate the organization of integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 on the cell surface.

Extracellular divalent cations are important regulators of integrin ligand binding activity. In this study we evaluated how divalent cations affect the organization of integrins into focal adhesion sites. Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 were compared because they share a high degree of structural homology and because both integrins mediate cell adhesion to vitronectin.

The phorbol ester TPA regulates collagen gene expression at the transcriptional level.

Previously, we reported that growth activation of quiescent 3T3-L1 cells by TPA led to a rapid increase of pro-alpha 2 (I) collagen mRNA and protein, while induction of pro-alpha 2 (I) was not observed in VT-1 cells, a line non-mitogenic in the presence of TPA (26). Here, we further examine the expression of pro-alpha 2 (I) collagen during mitogenic stimulation at the molecular level. In addition to pro-alpha 2 (I) mRNA, TPA treatment increased mRNA production of other collagen family members, pro-alpha 1 (I) and pro-alpha 1 (III) although in reduced amounts relative to pro-alpha 2 (I).

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against integrin alpha V beta 5.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against the human integrin alpha V beta 5 has been generated. Mice were immunized using human alpha V beta 5 purified from placenta. Two hundred hybridoma clones were screened by ELISA and 14 were found to react with purified integrin alpha V beta 5.

Regulation of integrin function and cellular adhesion.

The integrins are a family of adhesion receptors involved in many physiological functions. These molecules are characterized by an ability to dynamically regulate their ligand binding affinity. Several integrins become "activated" or achieve the high affinity state in response to extracellular agonists or signals.

Phorbol-ester-mediated expression of the collagen type I pro-alpha 2 gene in mouse 3T3-L1 cells and its absence in a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-non-responsive variant.

We have previously isolated a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-non-responsive variant line (VT-1) from mouse 3T3-L1 cells [Shimizu, Fujiki, Sugimura & Shimizu (1986) Cancer Res. 46, 4027-4031]. Differential hybridization of cDNAs obtained from PMA-treated 3T3-L1 and VT-1 cells resulted in the isolation of a number of unique cDNA clones, including one with a high degree of sequence similarity to the type I pro-alpha 2 collagen gene (COL1A2) [Amagai, Inokuchi, Nishikawa, Shimizu & Shimizu (1989) Somat.

Regulation of glycerol uptake by the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system in Bacillus subtilis.

Enteric bacteria have been previously shown to regulate the uptake of certain carbohydrates (lactose, maltose, and glycerol) by an allosteric mechanism involving the catalytic activities of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system. In the present studies, a ptsI mutant of Bacillus subtilis, possessing a thermosensitive enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system, was used to gain evidence for a similar regulatory mechanism in a gram-positive bacterium. Thermoinactivation of enzyme I resulted in the loss of methyl alpha-glucoside uptake activity and enhanced sensitivity of glycerol uptake to inhibition by sugar substrates of the phosphotransferase system.