Interindividual differences in mindfulness are linked to sleep-electroencephalographic characteristics.

Study Objectives: Mindfulness describes the ability to focus on the presence, including one's thoughts and feelings. Trait mindfulness-a person's inherent tendency to be mindful-has been connected to increased subjective sleep quality, but evidence from objective EEG-based sleep measures is lacking. Here, we investigate whether objective EEG-based sleep parameters explain interindividual differences in trait mindfulness.

Human Prosocial Preferences Are Related to Slow-Wave Activity in Sleep.

Prosocial behavior is crucial for the smooth functioning of the society. Yet, individuals differ vastly in the propensity to behave prosocially. Here, we try to explain these individual differences under normal sleep conditions without any experimental modulation of sleep.

Wake EEG oscillation dynamics reflect both sleep need and brain maturation across childhood and adolescence.

An objective measure of brain maturation is highly insightful for monitoring both typical and atypical development. Slow wave activity, recorded in the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), reliably indexes changes in brain plasticity with age, as well as deficits related to developmental disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unfortunately, measuring sleep EEG is resource-intensive and burdensome for participants.

Local slow-wave activity over the right prefrontal cortex reveals individual risk preferences.

In everyday life, we have to make decisions under varying degrees of risk. Even though previous research has shown that the manipulation of sleep affects risky decision-making, it remains unknown whether individual, temporally stable neural sleep characteristics relate to individual differences in risk preferences. Here, we collected sleep data under normal conditions in fifty-four healthy adults using a portable high-density EEG at participants' home.

Different Behavioral Types of Distributional Preferences Are Characterized by Distinct Neural Signatures.

There are many situations where resources are distributed between two parties and where the deciding party has information about the initial distribution and can change its outcome, for example, the allocation of budget for funds or bonuses, where the deciding party might have self-interested motives. Although the neural underpinnings of distributional preferences of resources have been extensively studied, it remains unclear if there are different types of distributional preferences and if these types underlie different disposing neural signatures. We used source-localized resting EEG in combination with a data-driven clustering approach to participants' behavior in a distribution game in order to disentangle the neural sources of the different types of distributional preferences.

Diurnal changes in human brain glutamate + glutamine levels in the course of development and their relationship to sleep.

Sleep slow waves during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep play a crucial role in maintaining cortical plasticity, a process that is especially important in the developing brain. Children show a considerably larger overnight decrease in slow wave activity (SWA; the power in the EEG frequency band between 1 and 4.5 ​Hz during NREM sleep), which constitutes the primary electrophysiological marker for the restorative function of sleep.

Trialkyl phosphites and diaryliodonium salts as co-initiators in a system for radical-promoted visible-light-induced cationic polymerization.

Trialkyl phosphites ((RO)3P) can act as co-initiators for the diaryliodonium-induced cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) or THF. A radical initiation step is also required, consistent with the essential role of a radical chain reaction of the phosphite with the iodonium salt to form polymerization-starting aryltrialkoxyphosphonium salts (ArP(+)(OR)3). We used the visible photolysis of phenylazoisobutyronitrile (PAIBN) as the radical initiation step.

Otoacoustic detection of risk of early hearing loss in ears with normal audiograms: a 3-year follow-up study.

Introduction: Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are known to represent the contractile amplifier function of cochlear outer hair cells. It is known that low or absent DPOAEs are associated with hearing loss on audiograms. However, low DPOAEs can also be found associated with normal audiograms.

A long-wavelength fluorescent substrate for continuous fluorometric determination of cellulase activity: resorufin-beta-D-cellobioside.

A simple and reliable continuous assay procedure for measurement of cellulase activity from several species using the new substrate resorufin-beta-D-cellobioside (Res-CB) has been developed. The product of enzyme reaction, resorufin, exhibits fluorescence emission at 585 nm with excitation at 571 nm and has a pK(a) of 5.8, which allows continuous measurement of fluorescence turnover at or near physiological pH values.