S i Reactions at Silicon as Unimolecular Chain Transfer Steps in the Formation of Cyclic Alkoxysilanes.

A new radical approach to cyclic ethers 2 is offered by the intramolecular homolytic substitution (S i) reaction at a silicon center. High diastereoselectivities can be obtained in this efficient unimolecular chain transfer reaction. Less suitable are radicals such as 1 in which an R Si group replaces the SnMe group.

Fluorous Synthesis: Fluorous Protocols for the Ugi and Biginelli Multicomponent Condensations.

A new protocol for multicomponent condensation reactions that uses fluorous (highly fluorinated) substrates is introduced. This method takes advantage of the ease of purification of fluorous compounds by liquid-liquid extractions between fluorous and organic solvents. The application of this method to the Ugi and Biginelli reactions is described.

Fluorous synthesis: a fluorous-phase strategy for improving separation efficiency in organic synthesis.

Recovery and purification difficulties can limit the yield and utility of otherwise successful organic synthesis strategies. A "fluorous synthesis" approach is outlined in which organic molecules are rendered soluble in fluorocarbon solvents by attachment of a suitable fluorocarbon group. Fluorocarbon solvents are usually immiscible in organic solutions, and fluorous molecules partition out of an organic phase and into a fluorous phase in a standard liquid-liquid extraction.

[Multiple sclerosis in northwestern Switzerland].

From 1980 to 1987 an epidemiologic survey was conducted in northwestern Switzerland (population 523,000) with the aim of registering as many MS cases as possible. The prevalence for the entire region was 142 per 100,000, with a maximum of 164/100,000 in the city of Basle. Extrapolation suggests there are more than 8000 MS patients living in Switzerland.

Increased collagen around deformed finger nailfold capillaries in type I diabetes mellitus.

Quantitative finger nailfold capillary microscopy was performed in 25 patients with type I diabetes and in 27 healthy control subjects. In the last consecutive 6 patients and 7 controls of these populations, finger nailfold biopsies were taken. Measurements of loop width as an in vivo parameter for deformities of the capillary loops showed significantly higher values in diabetic patients than in controls.

Quantitative nailfold capillary microscopy in cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus and localized and systemic scleroderma.

Quantitative television microscopy of nailfold capillaries of the fingers was performed in 12 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (six with discoid type and six with disseminated type), in six patients with localized scleroderma (two with circumscribed type, two with linear types, and two with atrophic type), in 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and in eight patients with systemic scleroderma. The following features were analyzed and compared with a control group (n = 15) of similar age: venous plexus visibility; density of capillaries; avascular fields; hemorrhages; giant capillaries; diameters of the transitional segment, the arterial, and the venous limbs; loop width; and flow stop caused by local cooling test. The patient groups with cutaneous lesions only showed no essential differences as compared with the controls.

Light emission from a titanium vacuum arc using Fizeau interferometry with parallel detection.

The lineshape of light emission from a titanium vacuum arc was studied using a Fizeau interferometer coupled with an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA). A viewing geometry normal to the cathode surface was employed. Temperatures of ~3 x 10(5) K and ~3.

Clinical value of immunoscintigraphy in colorectal carcinoma patients: a prospective study.

Fifty-seven patients with suspected CEA-producing tumors were studied prospectively by radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) using a 123I-labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MAb) (essentially the F(ab')2 or Fab fragments) and emission computed tomography (ECT). Results of RIS were compared to those of a comprehensive diagnostic study. Final diagnosis was based on surgery, biopsy and autopsy (n = 39) or follow-up findings (n = 18).

Deficits in reaction times and movement times as correlates of hypokinesia in monkeys with MPTP-induced striatal dopamine depletion.

1. We quantitatively assessed deficits in the initiation and execution of arm movements occurring after destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons by systemic administration of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) (Sigma). Three monkeys performed a reaction time task in which they reached toward a single and constant target for food reward.

Saccadic reaction times, eye-arm coordination and spontaneous eye movements in normal and MPTP-treated monkeys.

The oculomotor performance of monkeys was investigated before and after destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons by MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). Stimulus-triggered saccades and their relationships to arm movements were measured in a reaction time task. Spontaneous eye movements were recorded while monkeys sat in a primate chair and looked around the laboratory without performing any task.

Filaroides hirthi infection in two related dogs.

Filaroides hirthi infection was diagnosed in 2 related Yorkshire Terriers. Dog 1 had a chronic nonproductive cough, but results of fecal flotation examination were negative. Dog 2 was a 1-year-old female progeny of dog 1.

Acute electrophysiological and neurochemical effects of administration of MPTP in mice.

The changes occurring during the first few hours after subcutaneous administration of the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were investigated. Injections of MPTP (30-60 mg/kg s.c.

Evolution of lipid composition in skin treated with blackcurrant seed oil.

Synopsis This report utilizes a new procedure based on epidermal stripping to analyse unlabelled skin fatty acids. This technique was applied to the study of human dry skin treated with blackcurrant seed oil, an essential fatty acid rich lipid also containing gamma linolenic acid. In human dry skin the usual fatty acids were found in the stratum corneum as in normal skin outer layers.

Immunoglobulin-producing cells in human prostate.

Immunohistological techniques were used to investigate the presence of immunoglobulin-producing cells in human prostate. Surgical samples from 14 patients with prostate hyperplasia were analyzed. Lymphoid infiltration was rarely seen and was in no way comparable with the classical structure of mucosae-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).

The catecholamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine depresses impulse activity of dopamine neurons in mouse substantia nigra.

Systemic administration of the catecholamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine (NOM) in doses of 20-36 mg/kg strongly depressed the discharge rate of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra of mice for more than 2-3 h. This effect was fully reverted by the systemically administered DA receptor antagonist haloperidol. Impulse activity of most neurons showed a reduced rhythmicity under the influence of NOM, as assessed by autocorrelograms.

[Immunoscintigraphy using radio-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Development of a method of cancer diagnosis and hopes for a new form of therapy].

Personal results are presented to illustrate the development of immunoscintigraphy for the detection of cancer over the last 12 years, from the early experimental results in nude mice grafted with human colon carcinoma to the most modern form of immunoscintigraphy applied to patients, using I123 labeled Fab fragments from monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies detected by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). The first generation of immunoscintigraphy used I131 labeled, immunoadsorbent purified, polyclonal anti-CEA antibodies and planar scintigraphy, as the detection system. The second generation used I131 labeled monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies and SPECT, while the third generation employed I123 labeled fragments of monoclonal antibodies and SPECT.

Deficits in behavioral initiation and execution processes in monkeys with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism.

Administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to two monkeys led to hypokinesia, tremor, rigidity, adipsia and aphagia. Quantitative assessment of hypokinesia revealed increased reaction time, delayed onset of muscle activity and prolonged movement time in a forelimb reaching task after selective degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system sparing mesocortical dopamine neurons. The losses of pars compacta cells of substantia nigra, of striatal [3H]mazindol binding and of striatal DA content (more than 90%) quantitatively paralleled the severity of behavioral deficits.

Characterization of four human malignant glioma cell lines.

In this paper, the characterization of four human malignant glioma cell lines is described. The four lines are positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in variable amounts. One of them, LN 992, is positive for S-100 protein.

Does amiodarone affect heart rate by inhibiting the intracellular generation of triiodothyronine from thyroxine?

The hypothesis that the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone slows down the heart rate by its inhibitory action on the intracellular conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) was investigated. For this purpose we compared the effect of amiodarone with that of another potent inhibitor of the T4----T3 conversion, i.e.

Effect of pindolol and propranolol on plasma renin and aldosterone in patients with renal allograft.

To investigate the effect of propranolol and pindolol on renin and aldosterone secretion, blood samples of 12 nephrectomized kidney transplant recipients were taken after 1 hour in supine position and 30 and 60 minutes after posture change. This procedure was repeated after 4 days under pindolol (3 X 5 mg/day) or propranolol (4 X 40 mg/day). Both pindolol and propranolol suppressed the significant orthostatic rise of plasma renin activity (PRA) seen without medication.