International Delphi consensus on bone stress injuries in athletes.

Bone stress injuries, commonly referred to as stress reactions and stress fractures, represent overuse injuries to bone. These injuries result in physical limitations in activity and can be career-ending for high-level athletes. While bone stress injuries have received increased attention in recent years, international consensus is lacking on definitions, risk factors and strategies for management and prevention.

Integrating data-driven and knowledge-driven approaches to analyze clinical notes with structured data for sarcopenia detection.

Patients with sarcopenia often go undetected in busy clinical practices since the muscle measurements are not easily incorporated into routine clinical practice. The current research fills the gap by utilizing unstructured clinical notes combined with structured data from electronic health records (EHR), to increase sarcopenia detection. We developed and evaluated four approaches to first extract clinical note features, then integrate with structured data for sarcopenia detection models.

Standardising health history and injury surveillance of participants in endurance events: a modified Delphi consensus statement from the AMSSM runner health consortium.

Endurance events are popular worldwide and have many health benefits. However, runners and Para athletes may sustain musculoskeletal injuries or experience other health consequences from endurance events. The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) Runner Health Consortium aimed to generate consensus-based survey items for use in prospective research to identify risk factors for injuries in runners and Para athletes training and competing in endurance events.

Fracture discrimination capability of ulnar flexural rigidity measured via Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology: study protocol for The STRONGER Study.

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, which leads to bone fragility (ie, weakness) and an increased risk for fracture. The current standard for assessing bone health and diagnosing osteoporosis is DXA, which quantifies areal BMD, typically at the hip and spine. However, DXA-derived BMD assesses only one component of bone health and is notably limited in evaluating the bone strength, a critical factor in fracture resistance.

Loss of the auxiliary αδ voltage-sensitive calcium channel subunit impairs bone formation and anabolic responses to mechanical loading.

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) influence bone structure and function, including anabolic responses to mechanical loading. While the pore-forming (α) subunit of VSCCs allows Ca influx, auxiliary subunits regulate the biophysical properties of the pore. The αδ subunit influences gating kinetics of the α pore and enables mechanically induced signaling in osteocytes; however, the skeletal function of αδ in vivo remains unknown.

A comprehensive set of ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers to assess cortical bone health: A feasibility study at clinical field strength.

Introduction: Conventional bone imaging methods primarily use X-ray techniques to assess bone mineral density (BMD), focusing exclusively on the mineral phase. This approach lacks information about the organic phase and bone water content, resulting in an incomplete evaluation of bone health. Recent research highlights the potential of ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE MRI) to measure cortical porosity and estimate BMD based on signal intensity.

Am I big boned? Bone length scaled reference data for HRpQCT measures of the radial and tibial diaphysis in White adults.

Cross-sectional size of a long bone shaft influences its mechanical properties. We recently used high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) to create reference data for size measures of the radial and tibial diaphyses. However, data did not take into account the impact of bone length.

Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis (ADO) Caused by a Missense Variant in the TCIRG1 Gene.

Context: Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) is a rare genetic disorder resulting from impaired osteoclastic bone resorption. Clinical manifestations frequently include fractures, osteonecrosis (particularly of the jaw or maxilla), osteomyelitis, blindness, and/or bone marrow failure. ADO usually results from heterozygous missense variants in the Chloride Channel 7 gene (CLCN7) that cause disease by a dominant negative mechanism.

Molecular and clinical effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on skeletal muscle function in early-stage breast cancer.

We evaluated biochemical changes in skeletal muscle of women with breast cancer initiating aromatase inhibitors (AI), including oxidation of ryanodine receptor RyR1 and loss of stabilizing protein calstabin1, and detailed measures of muscle function. Fifteen postmenopausal women with stage I-III breast cancer planning to initiate AI enrolled. Quadriceps muscle biopsy, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, isokinetic dynamometry, Short Physical Performance Battery, grip strength, 6-min walk, patient-reported outcomes, and serologic measures of bone turnover were assessed before and after 6 months of AI.

Relationship between klotho and physical function in healthy aging.

Epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between circulating Klotho and physical function; however, the cohorts were comprised of older adults with multiple comorbidities. Herein, we examined the relationship between Klotho and physical function in a community-based cohort of healthy adults. In this cross-sectional study, serum Klotho was measured in 80 adults who visited the Musculoskeletal Function, Imaging, and Tissue Resource Core of the Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health.

L-β-aminoisobutyric acid, L-BAIBA, a marker of bone mineral density and body mass index, and D-BAIBA of physical performance and age.

As both L- and D-BAIBA are increased with exercise, we sought to determine if circulating levels would be associated with physical performance. Serum levels of L- and D-BAIBA were quantified in 120 individuals (50% female) aged 20-85 years and categorized as either a "low" (LP), "average" (AP) or "high" performing (HP). Association analysis was performed using Spearman (S) and Pearson (P) correlation.

γ-Aminobutyric acids (GABA) and serum GABA/AABA (G/A) ratio as potential biomarkers of physical performance and aging.

Declining physical performance with age and disease is an important indicator of declining health. Biomarkers that identify declining physical performance would be useful in predicting treatment outcomes and identifying potential therapeutics. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a muscle autocrine factor, is a potent inhibitor of muscle function and works as a muscle relaxant.

Using machine learning to detect sarcopenia from electronic health records.

Introduction: Sarcopenia (low muscle mass and strength) causes dysmobility and loss of independence. Sarcopenia is often not directly coded or described in electronic health records (EHR). The objective was to improve sarcopenia detection using structured data from EHR.

Immediate and Delayed Effects of Joint Loading Activities on Knee and Hip Cartilage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of activity-related joint loading on cartilage is not clear. Abnormal loading is considered to be a mechanical driver of osteoarthritis (OA), yet moderate amounts of physical activity and rehabilitation exercise can have positive effects on articular cartilage. Our aim was to investigate the immediate effects of joint loading activities on knee and hip cartilage in healthy adults, as assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.

Minced muscle autografting improves bone healing but not muscle function in a porcine composite injury model.

Composite tissue injuries (CTIs) in extremities include segmental bone defects (SBDs) and volumetric muscle loss. The objective of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle autografting with minced muscle grafts (MMGs) could improve healing in an SBD and improve muscle function in a porcine CTI model that includes an SBD and adjacent volumetric muscle loss injury. Adult Yucatan Minipigs were stratified into three groups including specimens with an isolated SBD, an SBD with volumetric muscle loss (CTI), and an SBD with volumetric muscle loss treated with MMG (CTI + MMG).

Trajectory of knee health in runners with and without heightened osteoarthritis risk: the TRAIL prospective cohort study protocol.

Introduction: Running is one of the most popular recreational activities worldwide, due to its low cost and accessibility. However, little is known about the impact of running on knee joint health in runners with and without a history of knee surgery. The primary aim of this longitudinal cohort study is to compare knee joint structural features on MRI and knee symptoms at baseline and 4-year follow-up in runners with and without a history of knee surgery.

The L-enantiomer of β- aminobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) as a potential marker of bone mineral density, body mass index, while D-BAIBA of physical performance and age.

Background: As both L- and D-BAIBA are increased with exercise, we sought to determine if circulating levels would be associated with physical performance.

Method: Serum levels of L- and D-BAIBA were quantified in 120 individuals (50% female) aged 20-85 years and categorized as either a "low" (LP), "average"(AP) or "high" performer (HP).Association analysis was performed using Spearman (S) and Pearson (P) rank correlation.

Return to sport following low-risk and high-risk bone stress injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are classified in clinical practice as being at low- or high-risk for complication based on the injury location. However, this dichotomous approach has not been sufficiently validated. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the prognostic role of injury location on return-to-sport (RTS) and treatment complications after BSI of the lower extremity and pelvis.

Effects of Gabapentin and Pregabalin on Calcium Homeostasis: Implications for Physical Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Tissues.

Purpose Of Review: In this review, we discuss the mechanism of action of gabapentinoids and the potential consequences of long-term treatment with these drugs on the musculoskeletal system.

Recent Findings: Gabapentinoids, such as gabapentin (GBP) and pregabalin (PGB) were designed as antiepileptic reagents and are now commonly used as first-line treatment for neuropathic pain and increasingly prescribed off-label for other pain disorders such as migraines and back pain. GBP and PGB exert their analgesic actions by selectively binding the αδ auxiliary subunit of voltage-sensitive calcium channels, thereby inhibiting channel function.

Unusual Cortical Phenotype After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient With Osteopetrosis.

The osteopetroses are a group of rare genetic diseases caused by osteoclast dysfunction or absence. The hallmark of osteopetrosis is generalized increased bone mineral density (BMD). However, the bone is fragile and fractures are common.

Bone stress injuries.

Bone stress injuries, including stress fractures, are overuse injuries that lead to substantial morbidity in active individuals. These injuries occur when excessive repetitive loads are introduced to a generally normal skeleton. Although the precise mechanisms for bone stress injuries are not completely understood, the prevailing theory is that an imbalance in bone metabolism favours microdamage accumulation over its removal and replacement with new bone via targeted remodelling.