Residuals in space: Potential pitfalls and applications from single-institution survival analysis.

In practice, survival analyses appear in pharmaceutical testing, procedural recovery environments, and registry-based epidemiological studies, each reasonably assuming a known patient population. Less commonly discussed is the additional complexity introduced by non-registry and spatially-referenced data with time-dependent covariates in observational settings. In this short report we discuss residual diagnostics and interpretation from an extended Cox proportional hazard model intended to assess the effects of wildfire evacuation on risk of a secondary cardiovascular events for patients of a specific healthcare system on the California's central coast.

The Geography of Women's Empowerment in West Africa.

Women's empowerment has been a subject of interest because of its relevance to development and demography, particularly in West Africa. Women's empowerment is typically conceptualized as an individual attribute of women, associated with socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. However, we hypothesize a geography of women's empowerment in the West African region, where empowerment processes are culturally situated and embedded in place.

Global urban population exposure to extreme heat.

Increased exposure to extreme heat from both climate change and the urban heat island effect-total urban warming-threatens the sustainability of rapidly growing urban settlements worldwide. Extreme heat exposure is highly unequal and severely impacts the urban poor. While previous studies have quantified global exposure to extreme heat, the lack of a globally accurate, fine-resolution temporal analysis of urban exposure crucially limits our ability to deploy adaptations.

Ethnic Dimensions of Guatemala's Stalled Transition: A Parity-Specific Analysis of Ladino and Indigenous Fertility Regimes.

In some contemporary populations, fertility levels appear to plateau, with women maintaining a consistently high level of fertility for a relatively extended period. Because this plateau does not reflect the historical patterns observed in Europe, the focus of most studies on fertility patterns, mechanisms underlying the plateau and the reinstatement of a decline have not been fully explored and are not fully understood. Through the construction of fertility histories of 25,000 women using multiple years of health survey data, we analyze some of the components of stalled fertility as they pertain to Guatemala, the only Central American country to have experienced a stalled fertility decline.

Combining insights from quantile and ordinal regression: child malnutrition in Guatemala.

Chronic child undernutrition is a persistent problem in developing countries and has been the focus of hundreds of studies where the primary intent is to improve targeting of public health and economic development policies. In national level cross-sectional studies undernutrition is measured as child stunting and the goal is to assess differences in prevalence among population subgroups. Several types of regression modeling frameworks have been used to study childhood stunting but the literature provides little guidance in terms of statistical properties and the ease with which the results can be communicated to the policy community.

Understanding the potential impact of transgenic crops in traditional agriculture: maize farmers' perspectives in Cuba, Guatemala and Mexico.

Genetically engineered transgenic crop varieties (TGVs) have spread rapidly in the last 10 years, increasingly to traditionally-based agricultural systems (TBAS) of the Third World both as seed and food. Proponents claim they are key to reducing hunger and negative environmental impacts of agriculture. Opponents claim they will have the opposite effect.