Orthognathic Considerations of Vascular Malformations.

Vascular malformations affect the craniofacial skeleton in many ways, depending on the type of the lesion and its location. The lesions may exert a mass effect and cause thinning or thickening of the bone or cause expansion from direct bony infiltration. Orthognathic surgery can be used to correct any malocclusion or open bite deformities after the soft tissues are addressed.

Distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of dentofacial deformities.

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a major surgical technique that promotes new bone formation. It was first developed in the long bones and has now been applied to the facial bones. McCarthy et al.

Treatment of a mandibular cleft using distraction.

Distraction osteogenesis is an alternative treatment method for correction of mandibular hypoplasia. This paper outlines the use of mandibular distraction in a patient with mandibular hypoplasia and a history of a mandibular cleft.