From molecular to physical function: The aging trajectory.

Aging is accompanied by a decline in muscle mass, strength, and physical function, a condition known as sarcopenia. Muscle disuse attributed to decreased physical activity, hospitalization, or illness (e.g.

Measurement properties of the sit-to-stand test in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis using the COSMIN guidelines.

Introduction: Characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can include shortness of breath, chronic cough, sputum production and reduced exercise capacity. The sit-to-stand (STS) test variations (e.g.

An expert consensus statement on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies.

Biomarkers of ageing serve as important outcome measures in longevity-promoting interventions. However, there is limited consensus on which specific biomarkers are most appropriate for human intervention studies. This work aimed to address this need by establishing an expert consensus on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies via the Delphi method.

Network-based modelling reveals cell-type enriched patterns of non-coding RNA regulation during human skeletal muscle remodelling.

A majority of human genes produce non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA), and some have roles in development and disease. Neither ncRNA nor human skeletal muscle is ideally studied using short-read sequencing, so we used a customized RNA pipeline and network modelling to study cell-type specific ncRNA responses during muscle growth at scale. We completed five human resistance-training studies ( = 144 subjects), identifying 61% who successfully accrued muscle-mass.

Development and evaluation of an ovarian hormone profile classification tool for female athletes: step one of a two-step process to determine ovarian hormone profiles.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a reliable, comprehensive and fit-for-purpose tool for classifying ovarian hormone profiles (OHPs) (step one of a two-step process) in postmenarcheal to perimenopausal female athletes.

Methods: The OHP classification tool was designed by a team of sport scientists, practitioners and medics and is intended for use by sport practitioners. It incorporates self-reported data and guides subsequent verification methods.

Do People With Stroke Meet Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Activity Guidelines? Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Background And Purpose: It is unclear to what extent Canadians with stroke engage in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA). The purpose of this study was to describe overall physical activity, aerobic MVPA, and MSA participation in Canadians with stroke; determine the functioning, disability, and health classes that best characterize this population; and examine the relationship between-class membership and physical activity participation.

Methods: Activity levels were quantified using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in 2094 adults with stroke or transient ischemic attack (mean age 67.

Menstrual cycle phase does not influence muscle protein synthesis or whole-body myofibrillar proteolysis in response to resistance exercise.

It has been hypothesised that skeletal muscle protein turnover is affected by menstrual cycle phase with a more anabolic environment during the follicular vs. the luteal phase. We assessed the influence of menstrual cycle phase on muscle protein synthesis and myofibrillar protein breakdown in response to 6 days of controlled resistance exercise in young females during peak oestrogen and peak progesterone, using stable isotopes, unbiased metabolomics and muscle biopsies.

Identification of a Resistance Exercise-Specific Signaling Pathway that Drives Skeletal Muscle Growth.

A human model of unilateral endurance versus resistance exercise, in conjunction with deep phosphoproteomic analyses, was used to identify exercise mode-specific phosphorylation events. Among the outcomes, a resistance exercise-specific cluster of events was identified, and a multitude of bioinformatic- and literature-based predictions suggested that this was mediated by prolonged activation of a pathway involving MKK3b/6, p38, MK2, and mTORC1. Follow-up studies in humans and mice provide consistent support for the predictions and also revealed that resistance exercise-induced signaling through MKK3b and the induction of protein synthesis are highly correlated events (R = 0.

AMPK regulates the maintenance and remodelling of the neuromuscular junction.

Objective: The molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance and adaptability of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a key regulator of NMJ stability and plasticity.

Method: A comprehensive, multifaceted approach was employed, integrating genetic, physiological, and pharmacological methodologies to elucidate the role of skeletal muscle AMPK in modulating the neuromuscular synapse.

Summary of the 2024 Professionals in Nutrition for Exercise and Sport "10 Questions/10 Experts" Session-Hot Topics for the Paris Olympic Games.

This article provides a recap of the 10 Questions/10 Experts session at the 2024 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting. Each of the speakers considered the validity of common "myths," while providing evidence-based opinions to support, or, bust, myths addressing the following questions: (1) Would 100 g/hr of carbohydrate be advisable for the Olympic Cycling Road race? (2) Is there an advantage in the marathon of ingesting bicarbonate as a hydrogel product? (3) Can genotyping be used to individualize caffeine supplementation in football? (4) Should low fluid consumers drink more to improve 1,500-m track performance? (5) Do urinary markers of dehydration predict poor basketball performance? (6) Do placebo effects influence 10-km track performance? (7) Should combat athletes make weight using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists? (8) Would crushed ice ingestion help tennis umpires make better decisions in the heat? (9) Are collagen supplements useful to reduce tendon and ligament injuries in volleyball? and (10) Should female athletes plan their training and diet according to their menstrual cycle? This article describes the content of each of the presentations including the most important outcomes and conclusions drawn by the presenters.

A live online exercise program for older adults improves depression and life-space mobility: A mixed-methods pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Aging is the primary risk factor for sarcopenia and mobility limitations. Exercise reduces these risks, but older adults have low levels of participation in physical activity and exercise. We investigated the preliminary effectiveness of a live, online exercise program on community-dwelling older adults' physical activity levels.

Effectiveness of physiotherapist-led tele-rehabilitation for older adults with chronic conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Older adults live with chronic conditions worldwide. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of physiotherapist-led (PT-led) tele-rehabilitation on various health outcomes.

Methods: Six databases were searched.

The Effect of Multi-Ingredient Protein versus Collagen Supplementation on Satellite Cell Properties in Males and Females.

Introduction: Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) contribute to the adaptive process of resistance exercise training (RET) and may be influenced by nutritional supplementation. However, little research exists on the impact of multi-ingredient supplementation on the SC response to RET.

Purpose: We tested the effect of a multi-ingredient supplement (MIS) including whey protein, creatine, leucine, calcium citrate, and vitamin D on SC content and activity as well as myonuclear accretion, SC and myonuclear domain compared with a collagen control (COL) throughout a 10-wk RET program.

A pilot randomized controlled trial of a virtual peer-support exercise intervention for female older adults with cancer.

Background: Regular exercise can mitigate side effects of cancer treatment. However, only a small proportion of adults with cancer meet exercise guidelines, and older adults (> 65 years) are underrepresented in cancer rehabilitation research. Peer support facilitates health-promoting behaviours in general populations, but interventions merging exercise and peer support for older adults with cancer are not examined.

Network-based modelling reveals cell-type enriched patterns of non-coding RNA regulation during human skeletal muscle remodelling.

A majority of human genes produce non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA), and some have roles in development and disease. Neither ncRNA nor human skeletal muscle is ideally studied using short-read sequencing, so we used a customised RNA pipeline and network modelling to study cell-type specific ncRNA responses during muscle growth at scale. We completed five human resistance-training studies (n=144 subjects), identifying 61% who successfully accrued muscle-mass.

Prescribing strength training for stroke recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To examine the effects of strength training on patient-important outcomes of stroke recovery and to quantify the influence of the exercise prescription on treatment effects.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMCARE, AMED, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) and two clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.

Assessing Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates In Vivo in Humans: The Deuterated Water (HO) Method.

Skeletal muscle tissue is in a constant state of turnover, with muscle tissue protein synthesis and breakdown rates ranging between 1% and 2% across the day in vivo in humans. Muscle tissue remodeling is largely controlled by the up- and down-regulation of muscle tissue protein synthesis rates. Research studies generally apply stable isotope-labeled amino acids to assess muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans.

Hormones, Hypertrophy, and Hype: An Evidence-Guided Primer on Endogenous Endocrine Influences on Exercise-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy.

We review the evidence indicating that endogenous changes in these hormones, including testosterone, growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1, and estrogen, and their proposed anabolic effects contribute to and augment resistance exercise training (RET)-induced hypertrophy. Additionally, we provide recommendations for gold-standard methodological rigor to establish best practices for verifying menstrual phases as part of their research, ultimately enhancing our understanding of the impact of ovarian hormones on RET-induced adaptations.

Exercise-specific adaptations in human skeletal muscle: Molecular mechanisms of making muscles fit and mighty.

The mechanisms leading to a predominantly hypertrophied phenotype versus a predominantly oxidative phenotype, the hallmarks of resistance training (RT) or aerobic training (AT), respectively, are being unraveled. In humans, exposure of naïve persons to either AT or RT results in their skeletal muscle exhibiting generic 'exercise stress-related' signaling, transcription, and translation responses. However, with increasing engagement in AT or RT, the responses become refined, and the phenotype typically associated with each form of exercise emerges.

Mitigating disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in ageing: Resistance exercise as a critical countermeasure.

The gradual deterioration of physiological systems with ageing makes it difficult to maintain skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia), at least partly due to the presence of 'anabolic resistance', resulting in muscle loss. Sarcopenia can be transiently but markedly accelerated through periods of muscle disuse-induced (i.e.