Advancing safe drug use through interprofessional learning (IPL): a pilot study.

Interprofessional collaborative patient-centered care (IPCPC) improves healthcare quality and cost. Drug-related morbidity drives healthcare costs, thus requiring IPCPC approaches. The lack of educational preparedness for would-be IPCPC practitioners underlies the failure of historic IPCPC attempts, hence today's emphasis on pre-licensure interprofessional education (IPE).

Estradiol administration to ovariectomized rats potentiates mephedrone-induced disruptions of nonspatial learning.

Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) has been found in several over-the-counter products that are abused by humans, but very little is known about its behavioral effects and abuse liability. The present study examined the effects of mephedrone (1-10 mg/kg) on learning in female rats, as well as its interaction with the ovarian hormone estradiol. More specifically, female rats were trained to respond under a multiple schedule of repeated acquisition and performance of response sequences and then ovariectomized.

Δ9-THC increases endogenous AHA1 expression in rat cerebellum and may modulate CB1 receptor function during chronic use.

To characterize the long-term effects of adolescent marijuana abuse, we performed a proteomic analysis of cerebellar extracts from adult female rats with and without ovariectomy that were treated with Δ9-THC for 40 days during adolescence. Six proteins were found to significantly differ among the four treatment groups, with Δ9-THC and ovariectomy (OVX) decreasing the mitochondrial proteins, pyruvate carboxylase and NADH dehydrogenase, whereas the levels of putative cytosolic molecular chaperones NM23B, translationally controlled tumor protein, DJ-1 and activator of heat-shock 90kDa protein ATPase homolog 1 (AHA1) were increased. We further analyzed the effects of AHA1, a HSP90 co-chaperone, on CB1R and CB2R trafficking and signaling in transfected HEK293T and Neuro-2A cells.

Tolerance to chronic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) in rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus.

Although Δ⁹-THC has been approved to treat anorexia and weight loss associated with AIDS, it may also reduce well-being by disrupting complex behavioral processes or enhancing HIV replication. To investigate these possibilities, four groups of male rhesus macaques were trained to respond under an operant acquisition and performance procedure, and administered vehicle or Δ⁹-THC before and after inoculation with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV(mac251), 100 TCID₅₀/ml, i.v.

Long-term behavioral and pharmacodynamic effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in female rats depend on ovarian hormone status.

Abuse of Δ⁹-THC by females during adolescence may produce long-term deficits in complex behavioral processes such as learning, and these deficits may be affected by the presence of ovarian hormones. To assess this possibility, 40 injections of saline or 5.6 mg/kg of Δ⁹-THC were administered i.

Effects of 7-keto dehydroepiandrosterone on voluntary ethanol intake in male rats.

Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a neurosteroid that can negatively modulate the GABA A receptor, has been shown to decrease voluntary intake of ethanol in rats. In vivo, DHEA can be metabolized to a variety of metabolites, including 3β-acetoxyandrost-5-ene-7,17-dione (7-keto DHEA), a metabolite without the prohormonal effects of DHEA. This study compared the effectiveness of 7-keto DHEA with DHEA for reducing ethanol intake in the same group of rats.

Gonadal hormones modulate the potency of the disruptive effects of donepezil in male rats responding under a nonspatial operant learning and performance task.

In contrast to estrogen in female rats, testosterone in male rats may decrease cholinergic activity in the brain, thereby attenuating behaviors mediated by the cholinergic system. To investigate this possibility, the interactive effects of the gonadal hormones and donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, on the responding of male rats were examined under a multiple schedule of repeated acquisition and performance of response sequences and on AChE activity in specific brain regions. Donepezil dose-effect curves (0.

Comparison of selamectin and imidacloprid plus permethrin in eliminating Leporacarus gibbus infestation in laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

A shipment of New Zealand white rabbits was infested with Leporacarus gibbus, a rabbit fur mite. This study compared the effectiveness of selamectin with that of imidocloprid plus permethrin in eliminating the mite infestation. Rabbits were divided into 2 groups, and either selamectin or imidocloprid plus permethrin was applied topically.

Effects of pregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone on ethanol intake in rats administered ethanol or saline during adolescence.

Background: Adolescent alcohol use may contribute to long-term changes in the receptors and neuroactive steroids that may mediate its effects and to subsequent alcohol abuse and dependence as an adult. Therefore, in this study, ethanol preference and intake as an adult were examined after adolescent ethanol or saline administration. In addition, ethanol intake in the same groups was examined after administration of 2 neuroactive steroids with modulatory effects at GABA(A) receptors.

Relative potency and effectiveness of flunitrazepam, ethanol, and beta-CCE for disrupting the acquisition and retention of response sequences in rats.

Despite the knowledge that gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) modulators can affect learning and memory, their capacity for disrupting each of these complex processes is rarely compared, and often mistakenly assumed to occur with identical potency. For these reasons, the effects of flunitrazepam (0.056-3.

Estradiol replacement in gonadectomized male rats alters scopolamine-induced disruptions of nonspatial learning.

Recent evidence indicates that testosterone can modulate learning in males through an interaction with the cholinergic system. However, the mechanism for this interaction between testosterone and the cholinergic system on learning remains uncharacterized and may involve several of testosterone's active metabolites. In the present study, two of the active metabolites of testosterone, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol, were administered in combination with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (0.

Exogenous melatonin administration affects self-grooming and conspecific odor preferences in long-photoperiod meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).

For meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, seasonal differences exist in self-grooming and in odor preferences for conspecifics, two behaviors which facilitate sexual interactions in this species. Both behaviors are mediated by photoperiodically-induced changes in circulating gonadal steroid hormone titers which, in turn, can be transduced by the duration of the melatonin signal that a seasonally breeding animal receives. The goal of this study was to determine whether exogenous melatonin administration affects circulating gonadal steroid hormone titers in meadow voles, and whether it influences their odor preferences and self-grooming behavior to same- and opposite-sex conspecifics.

Testosterone potentiates scopolamine-induced disruptions of nonspatial learning in gonadectomized male rats.

Whereas research into the effects of the gonadal hormones on learning and memory has primarily focused on estrogen in females, recent evidence suggests that testosterone can also modulate learning in males through an interaction with the cholinergic system. In the present study, the interactive effects of testosterone and scopolamine (0.1- 0.

Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and flunitrazepam on ethanol intake in male rats.

Both gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and flunitrazepam are often used illicitly in combination with ethanol. Nevertheless, the effects that these and other drugs of abuse have on the reinforcing effects of ethanol remain inconclusive. To test the effects of GHB and flunitrazepam on contingent ethanol intake, twelve male Long-Evans rats were trained to orally consume ethanol using a saccharin-fading procedure.

The role of prolactin and testosterone in mediating seasonal differences in the self-grooming behavior of male meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus.

Self-grooming in response to the odors of conspecifics is a form of olfactory communication among meadow voles. The amount of time meadow voles spend self-grooming when they encounter the odors of conspecifics varies seasonally, with males targeting the odors of reproductively active females only during the breeding season. Other odor related behaviors in male voles such as odor preferences for conspecifics and the attractiveness of their odors to conspecifics vary seasonally as well.