Professional responsibilities reported by pharmacists completing residencies in community-based settings.

Objectives: To evaluate the professional responsibilities of pharmacists who completed residencies in a community-based setting and to determine if there is a difference in responsibilities for pharmacists completing different types of PGY-1 residency and PGY-2 residency training.

Methods: A survey was designed by adapting questions from the 2014 Pharmacist Workforce Survey and creating other questions designed for this project. Surveys were distributed electronically to residency program directors of PGY-1 community-based pharmacy residencies, PGY-1 pharmacy residencies in ambulatory care environments, and PGY-2 ambulatory care residencies; program directors were asked to distribute the survey to all residency alumni of their program.

A naloxone and harm reduction educational program across four years of a doctor of pharmacy program.

Background And Purpose: Naloxone distribution is an increasing service provided by pharmacists as more states enact laws enabling pharmacists to dispense naloxone without a prescription or per protocol to individuals in the wake of an opioid overdose epidemic. Education and training programs are necessary to ensure students and practicing pharmacists are able to effectively provide the service.

Educational Activity And Setting: All first, second, and third year students in the doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program at The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy (OSUCOP) participated in a pilot naloxone and harm reduction educational program.

Residency pathways to ambulatory care practice: Essential insights for students, residents, and educators.

Objective: To provide a guiding document describing residency training opportunities in ambulatory care for students, postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residents, practicing pharmacists, and pharmacy educators.

Summary: Student pharmacists, residents, practitioners, and educators can benefit from a guiding document describing the various pathways to develop as an ambulatory care practitioner through residency training. The benefits and differences of PGY1 and postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) ambulatory care residency programs are included.

Identification and Characterization of Adverse Drug Events in Primary Care.

The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize adverse drug events (ADEs) in a primary care setting using an electronic health record (EHR). This prospective, observational study enrolled patients with any medication change who were seen at an outpatient internal medicine clinic. Patients were evaluated for ADEs by EHR review and telephone interview.

Comparison of 2 Population Health Management Approaches to Increase Vitamin B12 Monitoring in Patients Taking Metformin.

Background: Population health management uses proactive, targeted interventions to improve health outcomes.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of and time required for 2 pharmacist-driven population health management interventions to improve vitamin B12 monitoring in patients taking metformin.

Methods: Physicians were randomized to 1 of 2 population health management interventions.

Measuring preadvanced practice experience outcomes as part of a PharmD capstone experience.

Objective: To describe a capstone experience to: 1) assess student preparedness for Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPE) and 2) provide program-level assessment data.

Design: A capstone course was added immediately prior to APPEs. All capstone activities emphasized application and integration and were mapped to ACPE Appendix D, which details performance abilities expected of students prior to APPEs.

Pharmacist-driven renal medication dosing intervention in a primary care patient-centered medical home.

Purpose: The purposes of this population management intervention were to identify patients with stage 3, 4, or 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to improve care in a patient-centered medical home (PCMH). Objectives of the intervention were to (i) increase the identification of CKD, (ii) increase the use of aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with CKD, and (iii) ensure that all medications prescribed to patients with CKD were dosed appropriately based on renal function.

Setting: This intervention was completed at a National Committee for Quality Assurance tier 3 PCMH associated with a major, academic health system.

Improving herpes zoster vaccination rates through use of a clinical pharmacist and a personal health record.

Background: Preventative health services, including herpes zoster vaccination rates, remain low despite known benefits. A new care model to improve preventative health services is warranted. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the functions of an electronic medical record, in combination with a pharmacist as part of the care team, can improve the herpes zoster vaccination rate.

Administration technique and storage of disposable insulin pens reported by patients with diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate insulin injection technique and storage of insulin pens as reported by patients with diabetes and to compare correct pen use to initial education on injection technique, hemoglobin A1C, duration of insulin therapy, and duration of insulin pen.

Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire orally administered to patients at a university-affiliated primary care practice. Subjects were patients with diabetes who were 18 years or older and prescribed a disposable insulin pen for at least 4 weeks.

Current trends in outpatient pharmacy services and billing.

Objectives: To provide a summary of community and ambulatory pharmacy practices and billing patterns for medication therapy management (MTM) services and to identify reasons pharmacists report not billing for direct patient care services.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: United States, February 2011.

Team-based learning in therapeutics workshop sessions.

Objectives: To implement team-based learning in the workshop portion of a pathophysiology and therapeutics sequence of courses to promote integration of concepts across the pharmacy curriculum, provide a consistent problem-solving approach to patient care, and determine the impact on student perceptions of professionalism and teamwork.

Design: Team-based learning was incorporated into the workshop portion of 3 of 6 pathophysiology and therapeutics courses. Assignments that promoted team-building and application of key concepts were created.

A progress assessment to evaluate pharmacy students' knowledge prior to beginning advanced pharmacy practice experiences.

Objective: To develop an assessment that would (1) help doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students review therapeutic decision making and build confidence in their skills, (2) provide pharmacy practice residents with the opportunity to lead small group discussions, and (3) provide the assessment committee with program-level assessment data.

Design: A case-based interactive assessment was developed and delivered to PharmD students immediately prior to advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). The assessment used an audience response system to allow immediate feedback followed by small group discussions led by pharmacy-practice residents.

Practice-based research network as a research training model for community/ambulatory pharmacy residents.

Objective: To describe our experience with a practice-based research training network (PBRTN) in a 1-year residency program.

Setting: Ohio State University in Columbus from 1997 to 2007.

Practice Description: The program includes two accredited postgraduate year 1 residencies and one postgraduate year 2 residency.

Community and ambulatory pharmacy: evaluation of patient care services and billing patterns before implementation of Medicare part D.

Objective: To provide a summary of community and ambulatory pharmacy practice and billing patterns for medication therapy management services before implementation of Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA).

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Ambulatory care and community pharmacy practice settings in the United States in January 2004.

Decreased warfarin effect after initiation of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets.

Objective: To report 2 cases of decreased international normalized ratio (INR) after initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.

Case Summaries: Case 1. A 67-year-old white woman had been receiving warfarin for 3 years for venous thromboembolism.