Alkaline Phosphatase Relieves Colitis in Obese Mice Subjected to Forced Exercise via Its Anti-Inflammatory and Intestinal Microbiota-Shaping Properties.

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an enzyme that plays a protective role in the gut. This study investigated the effect of IAP treatment on experimental colitis in mice subjected to forced exercise on a high-fat diet. C57BL/6 mice with TNBS colitis were fed a high-fat diet and subjected to forced treadmill exercise with or without IAP treatment.

Inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide activity impairs the colonic sparing effect of rofecoxib, the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and resveratrol, the preferential cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor in the course of experimental colitis. Role of oxidative stress biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines.

The gut mucosal barrier plays a key role in the physiology of gastrointestinal (GI) tract, preventing under homeostatic conditions, the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa from hydrochloric acid and intestinal mucosa from alkaline secretion, food toxins and pathogenic microbiota. Previous studies have documented that blockade of both isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX): constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2), as well NO synthase in the stomach exacerbated the gastric damage induced by various ulcerogens, however, such as effects of non-selective and selective inhibition of COX-1, COX-2 and NOS enzymes on colonic damage have been little studied. The supplementation of NO by intragastric (i.

The Importance of Nutritional Aspects in the Assessment of Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely linked to nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate associations between nutritional, inflammatory, and intestinal barrier parameters in patients with IBD. We assessed nutritional status, fecal short-chain fatty acid profile, serum cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of enzymes and tight junction proteins in intestinal biopsies obtained from 35 patients, including 11 patients with inactive IBD, 18 patients with active IBD, and six controls.

Time-extended exposure of gastric epithelial cells to secretome of -activated fibroblasts induces reprogramming of gastric epithelium towards pre-cancerogenic and pro-invasive phenotype.

Despite of the improvement in gastric cancer (GC) therapies patients still suffer from cancer recurrence and metastasis. Recently, the high ratio of these events combined with increased chemoresistance has been related to the asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori () infections. The limited efficiency of GC treatment strategies is also increasingly attributed to the activity of tumor stroma with the key role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).

Predictive Role of Admission Venous Lactate Level in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Prospective Observational Study.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the most common emergencies. Risk stratification is essential in patients with this potentially life-threatening condition. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of the admission venous lactate level in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with UGIB.

The relationship between the presence of Helicobacter pylori and the composition of ionic and organic microelements in drinking water from Cracow.

Although the natural niche for H. pylori (Hp) is the human stomach, for widespread infection to occur this microorganism may need to survive in the external environment. Molecular techniques such as polymerase (PCR) have revealed the presence of Hp DNA in water, indicating that this environment could act as a reservoir for this bacterium.

Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Combined with Voluntary Physical Activity Alleviates Experimental Colitis in Obese Mice. Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Myokines, Adipokines and Proinflammatory Biomarkers.

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an essential mucosal defense factor involved in the process of maintenance of gut homeostasis. We determined the effect of moderate exercise (voluntary wheel running) with or without treatment with IAP on the course of experimental murine 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis by assessing disease activity index (DAI), colonic blood flow (CBF), plasma myokine irisin levels and the colonic and adipose tissue expression of proinflammatory cytokines, markers of oxidative stress (SOD2, GPx) and adipokines in mice fed a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Macroscopic and microscopic colitis in sedentary SD mice was accompanied by a significant decrease in CBF, and a significant increase in the colonic expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1β and leptin mRNAs and decrease in the mRNA expression of adiponectin.

Long-Term Infection Switches Gastric Epithelium Reprogramming Towards Cancer Stem Cell-Related Differentiation Program in -Activated Gastric Fibroblast-TGFβ Dependent Manner.

(-induced inflammatory reaction leads to a persistent disturbance of gastric mucosa and chronic gastritis evidenced by deregulation of tissue self-renewal and local fibrosis with the crucial role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in this process. As we reported before, activated gastric fibroblasts into cells possessing cancer-associated fibroblast properties (CAFs), which secreted factors responsible for EMT process initiation in normal gastric epithelial RGM1 cells. Here, we showed that the long-term incubation of RGM1 cells in the presence of -activated gastric fibroblast (-AGF) secretome induced their shift towards plastic LGR5/Oct4/Sox-2/c-Myc/Klf4 phenotype (l.

Participation of the intestinal microbiota in the mechanism of beneficial effect of treatment with synbiotic Syngut on experimental colitis under stress conditions.

Gut-brain axis plays a central role in the regulation of stress related diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is increasingly recognized that stress modulates gut microbiota community structure and activity and represents an important causal factor in dysbiosis. This study was designed to determine the effect of daily treatment with synbiotic (Syngut) containing inulin, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Lactobacillus plantarum W21 and Lactococcus lactis applied i.

Involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-inducing transcription factors in the mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-induced fibroblasts activation.

Gastric cancer (GC) originating from the lining of the stomach is one of the most frequent malignancies in humans. The most efficient method giving hope of full recovery from GC is gastric resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, over 50% of patients after treatment suffer from recurrence and peritoneal metastasis.

Helicobacter pylori-activated gastric fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric epithelial cells in vitro in a TGF-β-dependent manner.

Background: Colonization of the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) leads to the cascade of pathologic events including local inflammation, gastric ulceration, and adenocarcinoma formation. Paracrine loops between tissue cells and Hp contribute to the formation of gastric cancerous loci; however, the specific mechanisms underlying existence of these loops remain unknown. We determined the phenotypic properties of gastric fibroblasts exposed to Hp (cagA+vacA+) infection and their influence on normal epithelial RGM-1 cells.

Physiological parameters for Prognosis in Abdominal Sepsis (PIPAS) Study: a WSES observational study.

Background: Timing and adequacy of peritoneal source control are the most important pillars in the management of patients with acute peritonitis. Therefore, early prognostic evaluation of acute peritonitis is paramount to assess the severity and establish a prompt and appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to identify clinical and laboratory predictors for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute peritonitis and to develop a warning score system, based on easily recognizable and assessable variables, globally accepted.

Use of inflammatory markers in the early detection of infectious complications after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery with the ERAS protocol.

Introduction: Thanks to laparoscopy and enhanced recovery protocols (ERAS) it is possible to shorten hospitalization. Therefore, it seems reasonable to search for new early markers of infectious complications in order to select patients who are prone to development of complications.

Aim: To assess the usefulness of serum levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and procalcitonin as early indicators of infectious complications in patients after laparoscopic colorectal surgery with ERAS.

Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in cancer-associated fibroblast-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro.

Background: Major human gastrointestinal pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonizes the gastric mucosa causing inflammation and severe complications including cancer, but the involvement of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of these disorders in H. pylori-infected stomach has been little studied.

Laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia in patients with a very low platelet count.

Introduction: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is the gold standard in treating immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, there are still some problems in decision-making when considering LS in patients with a very low platelet count (PLT).

Aim: To evaluate safety outcomes of LS in patients with severe ITP and very low PLT in comparison to those with higher PLT.

Is the laparoscopic approach for rectal cancer superior to open surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis on short-term surgical outcomes.

Introduction: Over the past years the incidence of colorectal cancers has increased worldwide. Currently it is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide. The laparoscopic approach has become the gold standard for surgical treatment.

Prospective Observational Study on acute Appendicitis Worldwide (POSAW).

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical disease, and appendectomy is the treatment of choice in the majority of cases. A correct diagnosis is key for decreasing the negative appendectomy rate. The management can become difficult in case of complicated appendicitis.

Role of curcumin in protection of gastric mucosa against stress-induced gastric mucosal damage. Involvement of hypoacidity, vasoactive mediators and sensory neuropeptides.

The antioxidizing properties of curcumin, a highly pleiotropic substance used for centuries in traditional medicine has been confirmed by numerous experimental and clinical studies. Curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and anti-angiogenic actions inhibiting the development and progression of tumors but the efficacy of this compound to influence gastric acid secretion n in the stomach and to affect the gastric mucosal damage induced by non-topical ulcerogenes such as stress has been little studied. We determined the effect of curcumin on basal and pentagastrin- or histamine-stimulated gastric secretion, in rats with surgically implemented gastric fistulas and we assessed the contribution of gastric secretion, endogenous prostaglandin (PG), endogenous nitric oxide (NO), as well as sensory afferent nerves in the mechanisms underlying the potential gastroprotective effects of curcumin against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions.

Laparosocopic Appendectomy, Cost-Effectiveness of Three Different Techniques Used to Close the Appendix Stump.

Unlabelled: It is generally agreed that laparoscopic appendectomy is a valuable operative method. The aim of the study was to evaluate cost-effectiveness of three different techniques used to close the appendix stump.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study that compared three groups of patients who were operated on laparoscopically for acute appendicitis in 2013 at our institution.

Comparison of the results of laparoscopic appendectomies with application of different techniques for closure of the appendicular stump.

Background: Nowadays laparoscopy is used frequently not only in elective surgery but also in abdominal emergencies, including acute appendicitis. There are several techniques used to close the appendicular stump during laparoscopic appendectomy. The aim of the study was to present and compare the results of minimally invasive appendectomies performed with the use of endoscopic staplers (group A), titanium endoclips (group B) and invaginating sutures (group C).

Endogenous prostaglandins and afferent sensory nerves in gastroprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide against stress-induced gastric lesions.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in human physiology, exerting vasodilatory, neuromodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. H2S has been implicated in the mechanism of gastrointestinal integrity but whether this gaseous mediator can affect hemorrhagic lesions induced by stress has been little elucidated. We studied the effect of the H2S precursor L-cysteine, H2S-donor NaHS, the H2S synthesizing enzyme (CSE) activity inhibitor- D,L-propargylglycine (PAG) and the gastric H2S production by CSE/CBS/3-MST activity in water immersion and restraint stress (WRS) ulcerogenesis and the accompanying changes in gastric blood flow (GBF).

Esophagoprotective activity of angiotensin-(1-7) in experimental model of acute reflux esophagitis. Evidence for the role of nitric oxide, sensory nerves, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and proinflammatory cytokines.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a global disease rapidly increasing among world population. The pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis which is considered as the early stage of GERD is complex, resulting from an imbalance between aggressive factors damaging the esophagus and a number of the natural defense mechanisms. The esophageal mucosa is in a state of continuous exposure to potentially damaging endogenous and exogenous factors.

Results of laparoscopic appendectomies performed with the use of titanium clips for closure of the appendicular stump.

Unlabelled: Nowadays laparoscopy is used frequently not only in elective surgery but also in abdominal emergencies, including acute appendicitis. There are several techniques used to close the appendicular stump during laparoscopic appendectomy. The aim of the study was to present the results of minimally invasive appendectomies performed with the use of titanium clips.

The role of local and systemic cytokines in patients infected with Clostridium difficile.

It is widely accepted that the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is multifactorial, dependent on pathogen virulence factors produced by the organism as well as disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, the alteration in intestinal flora and the immune response of the host. In particular, the immune response in the course of CDI and the involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of CDI is not fully understood. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the course of CDI in vivo.