Histone Deacetylases Regulate MORE AXILLARY BRANCHED 2-Dependent Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Under specific conditions, the germination of Arabidopsis thaliana is dependent on the activation of the KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) signaling pathway by the KAI2-dependent perception of karrikin or the artificial strigolactone analogue, rac-GR24. To regulate the induction of germination, the KAI2 signaling pathway relies on MORE AXILLARY BRANCHED 2- (MAX2-)dependent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the repressor protein SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1). It is not yet known how the degradation of SMAX1 proteins eventually results in the regulation of seed germination, but it has been hypothesized that SMAX1-LIKE generally functions as transcriptional repressors through the recruitment of co-repressors TOPLESS (TPL) and TPL-related, which in turn interact with histone deacetylases.

Vertical Body Lift: Surgical Technique and Comparison with the Inferior Body Lift Technique.

Background: Patients with massive weight loss have excessive skin laxity along both vertical and transverse axes. Vertical body lift (VBL) is a body-contouring technique addressing both excesses, promoting not only body lifting but also a tightening effect. The aim of this study was to describe the authors' VBL surgical technique and its potential clinical applications.

Masks Start to Drop: Suppressor of MAX2 1-Like Proteins Reveal Their Many Faces.

Although the main players of the strigolactone (SL) signaling pathway have been characterized genetically, how they regulate plant development is still poorly understood. Of central importance are the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE (SMXL) proteins that belong to a family of eight members in , of which one subclade is involved in SL signaling and another one in the pathway of the chemically related karrikins. Through proteasomal degradation of these SMXLs, triggered by either DWARF14 (D14) or KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), several physiological processes are controlled, such as, among others, shoot and root architecture, seed germination, and seedling photomorphogenesis.

Bioassays for the Effects of Strigolactones and Other Small Molecules on Root and Root Hair Development.

Growth and development of plant roots are highly dynamic and adaptable to environmental conditions. They are under the control of several plant hormone signaling pathways, and therefore root developmental responses can be used as bioassays to study the action of plant hormones and other small molecules. In this chapter, we present different procedures to measure root traits of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

Unraveling the MAX2 Protein Network in Arabidopsis thaliana: Identification of the Protein Phosphatase PAPP5 as a Novel MAX2 Interactor.

The F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) is a central component in the signaling cascade of strigolactones (SLs) as well as of the smoke-derived karrikins (KARs) and the so far unknown endogenous KAI2 ligand (KL). The two groups of molecules are involved in overlapping and unique developmental processes, and signal-specific outcomes are attributed to perception by the paralogous α/β-hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) for SL and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2/HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT (KAI2/HTL) for KAR/KL. In addition, depending on which receptor is activated, specific members of the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE (SMXL) family control KAR/KL and SL responses.

Lymphaticovenous anastomosis: Treatment of a persistent breast seroma.

Lymphaticovenous anastomoses are mainly used in secondary limbs lymphedema. They also can be used to treat iatrogenic seroma. This technique was used to treat a patient with a painful breast seroma that appeared after a mastectomy with axillary dissection, resistant to multiple ponctions and persistent 8 months after.

Design and visualization of second-generation cyanoisoindole-based fluorescent strigolactone analogs.

Strigolactones (SLs) are a family of terpenoid allelochemicals that were recognized as plant hormones only a decade ago. They influence a myriad of both above- and below-ground developmental processes, and are an important survival strategy for plants in nutrient-deprived soils. A rapidly emerging approach to gain knowledge on hormone signaling is the use of traceable analogs.

Exploring the protein-protein interaction landscape in plants.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represent an essential aspect of plant systems biology. Identification of key protein players and their interaction networks provide crucial insights into the regulation of plant developmental processes and into interactions of plants with their environment. Despite the great advance in the methods for the discovery and validation of PPIs, still several challenges remain.

[Mastectomy and immediate reconstruction: Indications, techniques and decision algorithm].

Immediate breast reconstruction indications extend to infiltrating carcinomas, due to new matrix implant coverage techniques and the development of perforator flaps. These techniques allow adjuvant treatments. However, the decision of immediate reconstruction must be discussed with the oncological multidisciplinary team and the benefits/risks must also be evaluated in relation to the morphology of the patients and their co-morbidities.

[Decision algorithm in immediate breast reconstruction].

Immediate breast reconstruction showed many advantages in terms of aesthetic and functional results and improvement of quality of life when compared to delayed breast reconstruction. Previous radiotherapy or the use of adjuvant treatments such as radiation therapy, or chemotherapy are no longer a contraindication for immediate breast reconstruction. However, it is important to respect certain rules in order to decrease the risk of complications: the choice of reconstruction technique, the management of the skin envelope according to the breast shape you want to create, the time delay between the first and the second stage of reconstruction depending on a possible adjuvant treatment.

Robotic Prophylactic Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective Study.

Background: Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM) could be a significant advancement in the treatment of breast cancers and prophylaxis because the mastectomy is performed without leaving any scar on the breast. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the safety of RNSM with immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction (IPBR).

Methods: In this prospective study, RNSM with IPBR was offered to patients with breast cup size A, B or C and ptosis grade ≤ 2.

Robotic Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction: Surgical Technique.

Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy could be a significant advancement in the treatment and prophylaxis of selected breast cancers. Motion-scaling, high-resolution, three-dimensional optics; tremor elimination; and instruments with enhanced precision with 7 degrees of freedom have allowed surgeons to overcome the limitations experienced with the endoscopic approach in breast surgery. Advantages of this procedure, in comparison with the open technique, are a shorter and more acceptable scar located in the lateral thoracic region, and greater respect for the vascularization of the mastectomy skin flap, because there is no incision on the breast and no retractors are used.

Quantitative Tandem Affinity Purification, an Effective Tool to Investigate Protein Complex Composition in Plant Hormone Signaling: Strigolactones in the Spotlight.

Phytohormones tightly regulate plant growth by integrating changing environmental and developmental cues. Although the key players have been identified in many plant hormonal pathways, the molecular mechanisms and mode of action of perception and signaling remain incompletely resolved. Characterization of protein partners of known signaling components provides insight into the formed protein complexes, but, unless quantification is involved, does not deliver much, if any, information about the dynamics of the induced or disrupted protein complexes.

The ongoing emergence of robotics in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Robot-assisted surgery is more and more widely used in urology, general surgery and gynecological surgery. The interest of robotics in plastic and reconstructive surgery, a discipline that operates primarily on surfaces, has yet to be conclusively proved. However, the initial applications of robotic surgery in plastic and reconstructive surgery have been emerging in a number of fields including transoral reconstruction of posterior oropharyngeal defects, nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction, microsurgery, muscle harvesting for pelvic reconstruction and coverage of the scalp or the extremities.

[The sural medial perforator flap: Anatomical bases, surgical technique and indications in head and neck reconstruction].

Introduction: The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is defined as a thin cutaneo-adipose perforator flap harvested on the medial aspect of the leg. The aims of this study were to describe the anatomical basis as well as the surgical technique and discuss the indications in head and neck reconstructive surgery.

Material And Methods: We harvested 10 MSAP flap on 5 fresh cadavers.

[Use of indocyanine green angiography in oncological and reconstructive breast surgery].

The Indocyanine green (ICG) is a soluble dye that is eliminated by the liver and excreted in bile. When illuminated by an near-infrared light, the ICG emits fluorescence in the near-infrared spectrum, which can be captured by a near-infrared camera-handled device. In case of intravenous injection, ICG may be used as a marker of skin perfusion.

Indications and Controversies in Partial Mastectomy Defect Reconstruction.

Breast cancer surgical treatment nowadays includes oncoplastic surgery. It is a reliable oncologic surgical treatment, which also prevents functional and aesthetic sequelae, thus improving the patient's quality of life and satisfaction. Numerous techniques have been described, with different levels of complexity and technicality.

Full-thickness skin grafts for lower leg defects coverage: Interest of postoperative immobilization.

Introduction: Full-thickness skin graft is an effective reconstruction method after excision of skin lesions on the lower limb that are not amenable to primary closure. The randomness of graft take is the major drawback of this procedure.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcome of full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG), used to repair lower leg defects after excision of skin lesions, after a 5-day immobilization period.

Fascia Temporalis Free Flap for Cricotracheal Reconstruction: A Novel Approach.

Background: The aim of tracheal reconstruction is to provide an airtight and noncollapsible airway covered with a suitable epithelial lining. To date, no ideal treatment is available for large tracheal defects.

Methods: We report 4 patients who underwent one-stage reconstruction for a cricotracheal stenosis with a free temporoparietal fascia flap and costal cartilage grafts.

Strigolactones, karrikins and beyond.

The plant hormones strigolactones are synthesized from carotenoids and signal via the α/β hydrolase DWARF 14 (D14) and the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2). Karrikins, molecules produced upon fire, share MAX2 for signalling, but depend on the D14 paralog KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) for perception with strong evidence that the MAX2-KAI2 protein complex might also recognize so far unknown plant-made karrikin-like molecules. Thus, the phenotypes of the max2 mutants are the complex consequence of a loss of both D14-dependent and KAI2-dependent signalling, hence, the reason why some biological roles, attributed to strigolactones based on max2 phenotypes, could never be observed in d14 or in the strigolactone-deficient max3 and max4 mutants.