Characterizing Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Results of the U.S. Mental and Substance Use Disorders Prevalence Study.

Objective: Current information on treatment and clinical characteristics of U.S. adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (i.

Clinical characteristics and functioning of adults with bipolar I disorder: Evidence from the mental and substance use disorders prevalence study.

Background: Knowledge of clinical, treatment and life circumstances of individuals with bipolar I disorder (BP-I) in US households is informed by decades old epidemiological surveys.

Methods: The Mental and Substance Use Disorders Prevalence Study was conducted October 2020-October 2022. Clinicians administered the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 diagnosing 12-month prevalence of BP-I and other mental health disorders (MHD) among 4764 adults aged 18-65 years and collected sociodemographic information.

National Cohort Data Suggests an Association Between Serious Mental Illness and Audiometric Hearing Loss.

Objective: To explore whether there is an association between serious mental illness (SMI) and hearing loss (HL) among US Hispanic adults.

Study Design And Setting: Cross-sectional epidemiological study (Hispanic Community Health Study), including multicentered US volunteers.

Methods: Multivariable linear regressions were conducted to study the association between SMI and HL.

Comparing brief video interventions to reduce public and self-stigma: Randomized control trial.

Aim: Stigma is a major mental healthcare barrier. This study compares the efficacy of two types of brief video interventions, targeting public and self-stigma, in reducing public stigma towards people living with psychosis. We hypothesized both interventions would similarly reduce public stigma and outperform the control group.

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Video Intervention to Reduce Self-Stigma of Mental Illness.

Self-stigma, a phenomenon wherein individuals internalize self-directed negative stereotypes about mental illness, is associated with negative outcomes related to recovery. This randomized controlled study assessed the efficacy of a brief social contact-based video intervention in reducing self-stigma in a large sample of individuals ages 18-35 endorsing an ongoing mental health condition. We hypothesized that the brief video would reduce self-stigma.

Overview of late-onset psychoses.

Background: Several etiologies can underlie the development of late-onset psychosis, defined by first psychotic episode after age 40 years. Late-onset psychosis is distressing to patients and caregivers, often difficult to diagnose and treat effectively, and associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Methods: The literature was reviewed with searches in Pubmed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane library.

Variation in Psychotropic Medication Prescription for Adults With Schizophrenia in the United States.

Objective: Variation in prescription of psychotropic medications to patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders may underlie health inequities. Using a national U.S.

Mortality Risk of Antipsychotic Augmentation for Adult Depression.

(Reprinted with permission from 2020).

Violence risk assessment for young adults receiving treatment for early psychosis.

Aim: Although the absolute risk of violence is small for individuals with mental illnesses, a specific subgroup of individuals who appear to be at increased risk for violence includes young people experiencing emerging or early psychosis. Prior research has identified risk factors for violence in this population, though no prior studies using a formal risk assessment tool have been identified. This study used the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20, version 3 (HCR-20) to identify risk of future violence among a sample of young adults with early psychosis and relevant predictors of risk unique to this population.

Age-Specific Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia Diagnoses Among Older US Adults With Schizophrenia.

Importance: People with schizophrenia are at high risk of receiving a diagnosis of dementia. Understanding the magnitude and timing of this increased risk has important implications for practice and policy.

Objective: To estimate the age-specific incidence and prevalence of dementia diagnoses among older US adults with schizophrenia and in a comparison group without serious mental illness (SMI).

Mortality risk of antipsychotic augmentation for adult depression.

Importance: Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated increased all-cause mortality in elderly patients with dementia treated with newer antipsychotics. It is unknown whether this risk generalizes to non-elderly adults using newer antipsychotics as augmentation treatment for depression.

Objective: This study examined all-cause mortality risk of newer antipsychotic augmentation for adult depression.

A single assessment with the Brief Adherence Rating Scale (BARS) discriminates responders to long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: To determine if a single baseline adherence assessment (Brief Adherence Rating Scale [BARS]) could identify patients who are likely to respond to long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic treatment.

Method: The current secondary analysis included a sub-sample of adult outpatients (N = 176) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who participated in the "A Comparison of Long-Acting Injectable Medications for Schizophrenia (ACLAIMS)" trial and had a baseline BARS assessment and a baseline and month 3 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) rating. The main outcome was LAI treatment response, defined as a ≥ 20% decrease (baseline to month 3) on the PANSS total score.

Generating comparative evidence on new drugs and devices before approval.

Fewer than half of new drugs have data on their comparative benefits and harms against existing treatment options at the time of regulatory approval in Europe and the USA. Even when active-comparator trials exist, they might not produce meaningful data to inform decisions in clinical practice and health policy. The uncertainty associated with the paucity of well designed active-comparator trials has been compounded by legal and regulatory changes in Europe and the USA that have created a complex mix of expedited programmes aimed at facilitating faster access to new drugs.

Improving Cognition via Exercise (ICE): Study Protocol for a Multi-Site, Parallel-Group, Single-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise to Improve Neurocognition, Daily Functioning, and Biomarkers of Cognitive Change in Individuals with Schizophrenia.

Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) display cognitive deficits that have been identified as major determinants of poor functioning and disability, representing a serious public health concern and an important target for interventions. At present, available treatments offer only minimal to moderate benefits to ameliorate cognitive deficits. Thus, there remains an urgent need to identify novel interventions to improve cognition in people with SZ.

Evaluation of a plasticity-based cognitive training program in schizophrenia: Results from the eCaesar trial.

Objective: Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is a core feature of the disorder. Computerized cognitive training has shown promise in pilot studies. A 26-week randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a novel computerized cognitive training program on cognitive and functional capacity outcomes.

Comparative Effectiveness of Adjunctive Psychotropic Medications in Patients With Schizophrenia.

Importance: People with schizophrenia are commonly treated with psychotropic medications in addition to antipsychotics, but there is little evidence about the comparative effectiveness of these adjunctive treatment strategies.

Objective: To study the comparative real-world effectiveness of adjunctive psychotropic treatments for patients with schizophrenia.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This comparative effectiveness study used US national Medicaid data from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010, to examine the outcomes of initiating treatment with an antidepressant, a benzodiazepine, a mood stabilizer, or another antipsychotic among adult outpatients (aged 18-64 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia who were stably treated with a single antipsychotic.