Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in clinical stage 2a/b non-seminomatous germ cell tumour.

Objectives: To reassess the role of primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in patients with marker-negative non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) clinical stage (CS) 2a, to explore results in patients with CS 2b and to evaluate surgical methods, recurrence, and adjuvant chemotherapy indications.

Materials And Methods: Data from 17 institutions were collected, comprising 305 men who underwent primary RPLND for CS 2 NSGCT. Regression analyses were conducted to predict histology in the RPLND specimen and disease-free survival (DFS).

Prospective Long-term Health-related Quality of Life Outcomes After Surgery, Radiotherapy, or Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer.

Background: Localized prostate cancer (PCa) treatment is associated with reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Current literature is limited by short-term follow-up.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the 5-yr HRQoL outcomes in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), or active surveillance (AS).

Effect of Biannual Azithromycin to Children under 5 Years on the Carriage of Respiratory Pathogens among Children Aged 7-11 Years.

In the MORDOR I trial, children under 5 years of age were randomized to receive biannual (every 6 months) azithromycin for 2 years in Niger, Malawi, and Tanzania. In 30 Nigerien communities, children aged 7-11 years, who were not enrolled in the MORDOR I trial to receive biannual azithromycin, were assessed for carriage of seven respiratory pathogens. We aimed to see whether there were effects on the carriage of these seven respiratory pathogens among 3,187 children aged 7-11 years living in the 30 communities via nasopharyngeal swabs collected at baseline (N = 1,066), as well as at year 1 (N = 1,019) and year 2 (N = 1,102)-each about 6 months after azithromycin or placebo treatment of children under age five.

The effect of race on treatment patterns and subsequent health-related quality of life outcomes in men undergoing treatment for localized prostate cancer.

Introduction: Racial differences in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) after treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) are not well studied. We compared treatment patterns and HRQoL in African American (AA) and non-AA men undergoing active surveillance (AS), radical prostatectomy (RP), or radiation (XRT).

Methods: Men diagnosed with PCa from 2007-2017 in the Center for Prostate Disease Research Database were identified.

The impact of COVID-19 on adolescents with eating disorders: Increased need for medical stabilization and decreased access to care.

Objective: We aimed to identify trends of patients with eating disorders (EDs) requiring hospitalization before and during the pandemic at a children's hospital in the southeastern United States.

Method: A retrospective chart review was completed for 71 adolescents and young adults (ages 10-21 years; M = 14.61, SD = 2.

Race-specific prostate cancer outcomes in a cohort of military health care beneficiaries undergoing surgery: 1990-2017.

Background: There is substantial variability in prostate cancer (PCa) mortality rates across Caucasian American (CA), African American (AA), Asian, and Hispanic men; however, these estimates are unable to disentangle race or ethnicity from confounding factors. The current study explores survival differences in long-term PCa outcomes between self-reported AA and CA men, and examines clinicopathologic features across self-reported CA, AA, Asian, and Hispanic men.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) Multi-center National Database from 1990 to 2017.

Race-specific prostate cancer outcomes in a cohort of low and favorable-intermediate risk patients who underwent external beam radiation therapy from 1990 to 2017.

Background: Previous research exploring the role of race on prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes has demonstrated greater rates of disease progression and poorer overall survival for African American (AA) compared to Caucasian American (CA) men. The current study examines self-reported race as a predictor of long-term PCa outcomes in patients with low and favorable-intermediate risk disease treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined patients who were consented to enrollment in the Center for Prostate Disease Research Multicenter National Database between January 01, 1990 and December 31, 2017.

Minimally invasive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for men with testis cancer: a retrospective cohort study of safety and feasibility.

Purpose: To describe the perioperative safety, functional and immediate post-operative oncological outcomes of minimally invasive RPLND (miRPLND) for testis cancer.

Methods: We performed a retrospective multi-centre cohort study on testis cancer patients treated with miRPLND from 16 institutions in eight countries. We measured clinician-reported outcomes stratified by indication.

Prospective quality of life in men choosing open vs. robotic radical prostatectomy: long-term results from a racially diverse multi-institutional database.

Purpose: To compare 5-year health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes between prostate cancer (CaP) patients who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) versus open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and assess for racial disparities between Caucasian American (CA) and African American (AA) men undergoing surgery.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of HRQoL data was conducted on patients diagnosed with CaP from 2007 to 2017 and enrolled in the Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) Multicenter National Database. Using the EPIC and SF-36 instruments, changes in urinary, sexual, bowel, and hormonal domains, as well as physical and mental component summary scores were compared across surgery type (RALP versus RRP) at pre-treatment ("baseline"), and annually for 5 years.

Impact of Age and Race on Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Localized Prostate Cancer.

Objectives: To investigate impact of age and race on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) using a prospectively maintained, racially diverse cohort.

Methods: The Center for Prostate Disease Research Multicenter National Database was used to identify patients receiving RP from 2007-2017. The Expanded PCa Index Composite and 36 Item Short-Form Health Survey were completed at baseline and regular intervals.

Serum concentrations of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity and C-reactive protein for monitoring disease progression in dogs with acute pancreatitis.

Background: Reliable biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and management in dogs with acute pancreatitis have not been described.

Objective: To determine if serum concentrations of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used as biomarkers for disease progression in hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis.

Animals: Thirteen hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis diagnosed based on clinical signs, serum cPLI concentrations, and imaging findings were enrolled.

Exercise Behaviors and Beliefs Among Pregnant Women in Rural Communities.

Unlabelled: Exercise during pregnancy is safe and beneficial; however, most pregnant women do not meet evidence-based exercise recommendations. Further, data on pregnant women's physical activity are largely limited to women living in urban environments.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine beliefs and behaviors regarding exercise during pregnancy in pregnant and postpartum women living in rural communities.

Outcomes of post-chemotherapy robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular cancer: multi-institutional study.

Objective: To evaluate the perioperative and oncological outcomes after post-chemotherapy robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RARPLND).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reported the perioperative and oncological outcomes of all the patients with testicular cancer who underwent PC-RARPLND at three tertiary teaching centers. Descriptive statistical measures were used to report demographic, clinical, intraoperative, postoperative and oncological outcomes.

Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics in saliva as measured by a mobile microvolume UV spectrophotometer among people treated for rifampicin-resistant TB in Tanzania.

Background: Early detection and correction of low fluoroquinolone exposure may improve treatment of MDR-TB.

Objectives: To explore a recently developed portable, battery-powered, UV spectrophotometer for measuring levofloxacin in saliva of people treated for MDR-TB.

Methods: Patients treated with levofloxacin as part of a regimen for MDR-TB in Northern Tanzania had serum and saliva collected concurrently at 1 and 4 h after 2 weeks of observed levofloxacin administration.

Learning Curve for Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection.

Robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R-RPLND) is a challenging procedure. We hypothesized that surgical times and operative complications would decrease as surgeons became more facile with R-RPLND. We retrospectively reviewed 121 consecutive R-RPLNDs performed at Naval Medical Center San Diego and Mayo Clinic Arizona by 4 fellowship trained robotic surgeons between 2008 and 2018.

Urine colorimetry for levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and personalized dosing in people with drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Levofloxacin is a preferred drug for multidrug-resistant (MDR)-tuberculosis (TB) with bactericidal activity that correlates with the pharmacokinetic exposures of serum peak concentration (C) and total area under the concentration time curve (AUC). Pharmacokinetic exposures can be measured to personalize dosing to reach targets, but this practice requires venepuncture, chromatographic or mass spectrometry equipment, and technical expertise. We sought to demonstrate the accuracy of using urine colorimetry as a more feasible estimation of levofloxacin exposure.

Rallying All Resources: A Multidisciplinary Innovation to Plan for the Projected COVID-19 Inpatient Surge.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the need for hospitals to plan for a potential "surge" of COVID-19 patients.

Problem: Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, our hospital adult acute care capacity ranged 90% to 100%, and a potential hospital surge was projected for Oregon that would exceed existing capacity.

Approach: A multidisciplinary team with stakeholders from nursing leadership, nursing units, nurse-led case management, and physicians from hospital medicine was convened to explore the conversion of an ambulatory surgical center to overflow patient acute care capacity.

The Clinical Presentation of Culture-positive and Culture-negative, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)-Attributable Shigellosis in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study and Derivation of a Shigella Severity Score: Implications for Pediatric Shigella Vaccine Trials.

Background: Shigella is a leading cause of childhood diarrhea and target for vaccine development. Microbiologic and clinical case definitions are needed for pediatric field vaccine efficacy trials.

Methods: We compared characteristics of moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) cases in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) between children with culture positive Shigella to those with culture-negative, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-attributable Shigella (defined by an ipaH gene cycle threshold <27.

Optimizing Outcomes in Urological Surgery: Intraoperative Patient Safety and Physiological Considerations.

Introduction: Intraoperative surgical outcomes are influenced by a wide variety of patient, surgeon and institutional factors. The current literature lacks comprehensive resources that describe best practices in preventing patient safety events and optimizing patient physiology during urological surgery.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of subject matter experts (urologists, nurses, anesthesiologists) was convened to evaluate the existing literature, create a white paper and disseminate this to urological providers.

A prospective analysis of health-related quality of life in intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer patients managed with intensity modulated radiation therapy, with vs. without hormonal therapy.

Introduction: Combined radiotherapy and hormonal treatment are recommended for intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (CaP). This study compared the long-term effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of intermediate- and high-risk CaP patients managed with radiation therapy (RT) with vs. without hormone therapy (HT).

Race, tumor location, and disease progression among low-risk prostate cancer patients.

Background: The relationship between race, prostate tumor location, and BCR-free survival is inconclusive. This study examined the independent and joint roles of patient race and tumor location on biochemical recurrence-free (BCR) survival.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among men with newly diagnosed, biopsy-confirmed, NCCN-defined low risk CaP who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center from 1996 to 2008.

Effect of a Behavioral Intervention to Increase Vegetable Consumption on Cancer Progression Among Men With Early-Stage Prostate Cancer: The MEAL Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Guidelines endorsing vegetable-enriched diets to improve outcomes for prostate cancer survivors are based on expert opinion, preclinical studies, and observational data.

Objective: To determine the effect of a behavioral intervention that increased vegetable intake on cancer progression in men with early-stage prostate cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Men's Eating and Living (MEAL) Study (CALGB 70807 [Alliance]) was a randomized clinical trial conducted at 91 US urology and medical oncology clinics that enrolled 478 men aged 50 to 80 years with biopsy-proven prostate adenocarcinoma (International Society of Urological Pathology grade group = 1 in those <70 years and ≤2 in those ≥70 years), stage cT2a or less, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level less than 10 ng/mL.