[Thickness of cerebral cortex measured using anatomical mesoscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging].

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging method opened up the possibility for in vivo examination of the anatomy of human brain. For this reason it is interesting and relevant to compare the knowledge accumulated over a number of years during the examination of the composition of dead brain to that obtained from magnetic resonance images. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the thickness of cerebral cortex in human of different age and sex, measured in different sites of the hemispheres when applying anatomical mesoscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging.

Age-related structural and neurochemical changes of the human superior cervical ganglion.

The aim of this study was to investigate age-related morphological and neurochemical changes in the human superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Thirty-seven superior sympathetic human cervical ganglia of young, adult, and aged subjects were examined using morphometric analysis, biotin-streptavidin immunohistochemistry for detecting neurofilament, myelin protein, protein gene product 9.5, nerve growth factor receptor p75 in sympathetic neurons and nerve fibers.

Structural changes of the human superior cervical ganglion following ischemic stroke.

Objective: The sympathetic nervous system participates in the modulation of cerebrovascular autoregulation. The most important source of sympathetic innervation of the cerebral arteries is the superior cervical ganglion. The aim of this study was to investigate signs of the neurodegenerative alteration in the sympathetic ganglia including the evaluation of apoptosis of neuronal and satellite cells in the human superior cervical ganglion after ischemic stroke, because so far alterations in human sympathetic ganglia related to the injury to peripheral tissue have not been enough analyzed.

Comparative quantitative study of the intrinsic cardiac ganglia and neurons in the rat, guinea pig, dog and human as revealed by histochemical staining for acetylcholinesterase.

This study was conducted to determine the overall number of intrinsic neurons distributed through-out the entire heart, in which most neurons are located inside of intramural ganglia and are hidden to observers. For this reason, we attempted to ascertain: (1) how the number of neurons located inside of intrinsic cardiac ganglion is related to its area, and (2) whether this relationship is dependent on age and species of animals. Hearts of rats, guinea pigs, dogs and humans were used to examine intramural ganglia stained histochemically for acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Morphology of human intracardiac nerves: an electron microscope study.

Since many human heart diseases involve both the intrinsic cardiac neurons and nerves, their detailed normal ultrastructure was examined in material from autopsy cases without cardiac complications obtained no more than 8 h after death. Many intracardiac nerves were covered by epineurium, the thickness of which was related to nerve diameter. The perineurial sheath varied from nerve to nerve and, depending on nerve diameter, contained up to 12 layers of perineurial cells.

Morphological study of the heart innervation of bats Myotis daubentoni and Eptesicus serotinus (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae) during hibernation.

The capability of bats to have heart rates fewer than 10 beats/min during hibernation and greater than 700 beats/min during flight surprises biologists and cardiologists. Cardioacceleration of hibernating bats is considered to be a function of their intracardiac nervous system. In the present study we investigated the morphology of the heart innervation of ten M.

Morphology, distribution, and variability of the epicardiac neural ganglionated subplexuses in the human heart.

Concomitant with the development of surgical treatment of cardiac arrythmias and management of myocardial ischemia, there is renewed interest in morphology of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system. In this study, we analyze the topography and structure of the human epicardiac neural plexus (ENP) as a system of seven ganglionated subplexuses. The morphology of the ENP was revealed by a histochemical method for acetylcholinesterase in whole hearts of 21 humans and examined by stereoscopic, contact, and bright-field microscopy.

Anatomical study of the neural ganglionated plexus in the canine right atrium: implications for selective denervation and electrophysiology of the sinoatrial node in dog.

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the topography and architecture of the intrinsic neural plexus (INP) in the canine right atrium because of its importance for selective denervation of the sinoatrial node (SAN). The morphology of the intrinsic INP was revealed by a histochemical method for acetylcholinesterase in whole hearts of 36 mongrel dogs and examined by stereoscopic, contact, and electron microscopes. At the hilum of the heart, nerves forming a right atrial INP were detected in five sites adjacent to the right superior pulmonary veins and superior vena cava (SVC).

Hilum of the heart.

Background: Organs with the juxtaposed entry or exit of their communications have the sites which should be termed hila. Despite juxtaposed communications of the heart, the name hilum cordis is absent in the Nomina Anatomica.

Results: This paper describes the hilum of the heart as the site bounded by the serous pericardium above heart base, ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.

Morphological study of neurons in the nerve plexus on heart base of rats and guinea pigs.

The paper describes the morphological pattern of neurons in the nerve plexus on the heart base of rats and guinea pigs. The nerve plexus, containing the investigated neurons, lies beneath the pulmonary arteries on the myocardium of the left atrium. This plexus is not covered by the epicardium.

[The morphofunctional transformation of skeletal muscle as a consequence of electroneurostimulation training].

By means of histological and histochemical methods slices of biopsies of the canine musculus latissimus dorsi have been investigated after electroneurostimulation for three months through the thoracodorsal nerve in situ and after cutting its initial part. Frequency of contractions increases gradually from 30 up to 80 per 1 min every 2 weeks. The preparations are stained with hematoxylin--eosin.

Changes in neural and humoral mechanisms of the heart in sudden death due to myocardial abnormalities.

Quantitative neurohistochemical study of adrenergic elements of the myocardium and the adrenal medulla in victims of sudden death revealed an unequal and focal depletion of catecholamines attributable to prior pathologic processes in the myocardium. The greatest changes in cardiac innervation were found in cases of acute myocardial infarction and alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and the adrenergic plexuses were better preserved in cases of coronary heart disease without focal myocardial changes. Ultrastructural study of cardiac innervation in patients who died suddenly showed more pronounced changes in the nerve plexuses of the sinus node than in the perinodal nerves of the working myocardium.

[Characteristics of myocardial cholinergic innervation and its species differences].

By means of some neuromorphological and physiological methods, peculiarities of the cardiac cholinergic innervation have been studied in the rabbit, guinea pig, cat, rat and man. The mammalian myocardium (the man including) is heterogeneous in its parasympathetic innervation. There are no terminal cholinergic plexuses in the external and medial layers of the myocardial ventricles, their density is not the same in other myocardial area.

[Age-related changes in the cholin- and adrenergic innervation of the human heart].

The hearts of 35 patients of different age have been studied. The cholinergic innervation reaches full differentiation by the age of 30, its involution begins after 50. The adrenergic innervation is most manifest in children, its involution begins from 30.

[Prospects for studying myocardial contractility in human autopsy material].

The experiments were carried out on isolated strips of the myocardium of the right atrium and on papillary muscles of the right ventricle from 11 subjects aged 5 to 87 years who died in car accidents, from asphyxia, CO poisoning, ischemic heart disease. The time between death and beginning of the experiment ranged within 1.5 to 60 hours.

[Mediator stage in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system in pre- and postnatal ontogeny and the importance of its study for clinical application].

In 1972 a new definition "mediatory stage" in the development of the vegetative nervous system during ontogenesis was introduced and it was stated that at the prenatal stage in the heart, along the course of magistral vessels, and into other organs begin to sprout up at first nervous truncs lacking in mediators, and then, beginning from 8--9 weeks (in man), the mediators appear at first in cholinergic and then in adrenergic plexus (V. N. Shvalev et al.

[Age-related changes in the cholinergic and adrenergic nerve elements of the human heart and their status in cardiovascular pathology].

Histochemical studies of architectonics and mediator activity of cholinergic and adrenergic nerve plexuses in the myocardium of the auricles and right atrii of the heart were carried out. Both autopsy and biopsy materials: parts of right atrii from patient with congenital and rheumatic defects and atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, were used. Age changes in the nerve plexus were found to include a decrease in the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the content of catecholamines followed by decreased density of the plexus itself.