[Ultracytochemical study of adenylate cyclase activity in Hela cell culture exposed to fluorine].

Electron microscopy has been used to study the adenylate cyclase activity in Hela cells after the incubation with 1.5 p. p.

[Ultrastructural examinations of HeLa cells exposed to cadmium ions].

Destructive changes in cadmium-treated HeLa cells affecting practically all the cell structures and organelles, were observed. Side by side with it compensation and adaptation responses of cells, which in definite period reduced cell pathological effect of this microelement were revealed.

[Hyposelenoses].

Literature on the various manifestations of the selenium deficiency in humans and animals is presented. Mechanisms of the biological effects of selenium brought about by glutathione peroxidase are considered. Biogeochemical anomalies, parenteral nutrition, malabsorption syndromes as conditions for the development of hyposelenosis are characterized as well as their manifestations (white-muscular disease, myopathies, cardiomyopathies, Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease).

[Ultrastructure of HeLa cella after exposure to nickel ions].

Dose-dependent progress of destructive processes (mitochondria destruction, proteolysis, autophagocytosis) is observed in HeLa cells treated with various concentrations of nickel (0.05-4 micrograms/ml) for 2, 4 and 24 hours. Parallel with it the compensation and adaptation responses of cells (increase of mitochondrion polymorphism, appearance of "macropolysomes", hypertrophy of the Golgi complex) take place.

[Cellular homeostasis and trace elements].

The authors consider the relevance of essential and toxic elements to the maintenance and derangement of cellular homeostasis, review different routes of their introduction in and release from varying cell types as well as relationships with specific ligands, distribution by intracellular pools. Presented are also morphological data on trace elements accumulation in cell, organs and compartments. A number of trace elements contributed to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis while the others demonstrate anticarcinogenic and antiblastic action.

[Stereo-ultrastructure of the surface of HeLa cells following exposure to the MPEL of a number of trace elements].

Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface ultrastructure of HeLa cells after the incubation with maximum-permissible concentrations (MPC) of zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and fluorine for 2, 4 and 24 hours. It was established that the action of zinc, nickel, fluorine was accompanied by the ultrastructural changes in plasmalemma up to the end of experiment. The effect of the cobalt and cadmium MPC was short-term, and cells restored their typical surface morphology within 24 hours.

[Effect of sodium selenite on tumor cells in culture].

Morphofunctional changes in HeLa cell culture following treatment with various concentrations of selenium ion during 2, 4 and 24 hours are described. Variations in mitotic index, duration of separate mitotic stages and a profile of pathologic mitoses were established. Inhibition of cell entry into the S-phase of mitotic cycle and modifications of RNA and protein synthesis after treatment with 0.

[Mitotic cycle of a HeLa cell culture exposed to the maximum permissible concentrations of trace elements].

It is shown that administration of certain trace elements in maximum allowable concentrations induces changes in metabolism and functionation of cells in the culture. Zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and fluorine are stated to inhibit mitotic activity of HeLa cells by the end of 24 hours of their action. Parallel with this they promote a decrease in H3-thymidine incorporation into DNA.

[Changes in the protein-synthesizing system of a HeLa cell culture exposed to a number of trace elements].

The authors investigated the cytopathic action of maximal allowable concentrations (MAC) of zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and fluorine on cell culture. The most significant changes in RNA synthesis were noticed after exposure to zinc MAC. After exposure to the MAC of zinc, nickel and fluorine considerable modifications of protein synthesis were recorded.

[Morphological and metabolic changes in a HeLa cell culture exposed to fluorine].

Fluoride in subtoxic (1.5 mcg/ml) and toxic (12 mcg/ml) concentrations induced characteristic changes in the mitotic regime of HeLa cell culture. Fluctuations of the mitotic index, variations in the duration of division phases and in the spectrum of pathologic mitosis were noticed.

[Principles for classification of diseases of a biogeochemical nature].

The principles of working classification of human pathology associated with excess, deficiency and dysbalance of trace elements are presented on the basis of many-year analysis of the literature and own experimental and clinico-morphological observations. According to the most important variants of human contact with the environment abnormal with regard to the content of trace elements, the following types of diseases are distinguished: (1) natural, (2) technogenic, and (3) iatrogenic. In their turn, technogenic diseases are subdivided into industrial, neighbouring, transgressive.

[Comparative study of the sensitivity of Mycoplasma detection methods in cell cultures].

The results of a comparative study of the sensitivity of several methods for mycoplasma detection in cell cultures are presented. The most sensitive method was found to be that of electron microscopy detecting mycoplasmal contamination in 100% preparations. Seeding of the material on mycoplasma-elective nutrient medium (0.

[Dynamics of protein synthesis in several organs of mice with fluorosis].

Proceeding from the time course of 3H-leucine incorporation during chronic fluoride administration the mouse organs were distributed conventionally into three groups. The first group included the organs which did not manifest significant alterations in protein synthesis. On the contrary, the second group of the organs manifested pronounced oscillations in the synthetic activity during poisoning.

[Dynamics of incorporation of 3H-actinomycin D into synchronized Chinese hamster cells].

Dynamics of 3H-actinomycin D (3H-AMD) incorporation has been studied in the Chinese hamster synchronized cell culture (line 237) during different cell cycle phases. Intensive isotope inclusions were seen in cells during interphase: in the beginning of G1 period, in the early S period, and in the late S period, during the cell passage to G2 stage. The authors suggest that the binding of 3H-AMD by cells may be due not only to conformational changes of DNA structure, but also due to the variation in cell membrane penetration throughout the mitotic cycle.

[DNA content and the endometrial cellular mitotic activity in the phase of menstrual bleeding].

Endometrium obtained during menses from 46 healthy women in reproductive age was investigated morphologically and cytospectrophotometrically in order to solve the problem on the source of the cells reepithelizing the uterine mucous membrane after desquamation. It was stated that desquamation takes place not in the whole functional layer of endometrium, some mucous fragments, covered with persisting luminal epithelium, are always preserved. During endometrial regeneration the cells of the luminal and glandular epithelia and those of endometrial stroma are predominantly diploid.

[Pathology of mitosis after cellular recovery from a metaphase block].

The experiments in Chinese hamster fibroblast-like cells have shown that the c-mitosis inducing agents (colchicine, colcemid and low temperature) produce evident stathmokinetic and radiomimetic effects. By the reversibility moment of the former the latter becomes apparent, manifesting in bridge accumulation. This form of pathology is likely to be caused by the disturbance of the cellular nucleoprotein metabolism in c-mitosis.

[Effect of the inhibition of a synthesis processes in the S-period on the subsequent course of mitosis in a synchronized Chinese hamster cell culture].

The transcription of all nuclear RNA and rRNA was inhibited in the synchronized Chinese hamster cell culture by actinomycin D and protein synthesis was suppressed by pyromycin during the first and the second parts of the S period of the mitotic cycle. A decrease of the mitotic cell activity was revealed during the first and second waves of cell proliferation after the synchronization irrespective of the time of the antibiotic administration. At the same time there was noticed an increase of such pathological mitoses as C-mitoses and chromosome scattering in the metaphase, whereas suppression of rRNA synthesis determined the delay of cell going out of mitosis (an increase of the anaphase and telophase cell portion) mostly correlated with such type of pathological mitoses as chromatid and chromosome bridges.

[Effect of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on the course of mitosis in a synchronized culture of Chinese hamster cells].

The synthesis period of various types of RNA and proteins during the interphase related to the immediate after synchronization mitosis was investigated on teh synchronized culture of Chinese hamster cells with inhibitors. Analysis of MI and forms of mitosis pathology indicated the proteins functionally related to the cell division to be mainly synthesized during the second half of the interphase. The most important action of pyromycin during this time is the induction of C-mitosis on account of suppression of proteins synthesis responsible for the spiralization of chromosomes during the prophase.

[Characteristics of mitosis pathology in a Chinese hamster cell culture with disorders of the protein-synthesizing system].

Disturbance of protein synthesis with puromycin and transcription of chromosomal and ribosomal RNA with actinomycin D was followed by marked changes in the normal course of mitosis. There was noted an increase in number of colchicin-like mitoses (C-mitoses), and particularly, sometimes, fragmentation of their cytoplasm with the formation of cluster-like structures. It is suggested that development of C-mitosis was connected not only with destruction in the mitotic apparatus formation system, but also with the block of synthesis of one of the chromosomal proteins, stabilizing DNA strands spiralization.

[DNA concentration in cells of the glandular epithelium of the endometrium during the menstrual bleeding phase].

DNA content in the endometrial gland cells (9 women of fertile age) was studied during menstruation by microspectrophotometry. It was shown that DNA content (mainly 2n) remained unchanged during different days of menstruation, both during the desquamation (the 1st--2nd days of the cycle), and during the regeneration stage (the 3rd--4th days). Along with this the mitotic activity in the glandular epithelium was absent completely (36 samples of endometrium).