Management and Prevention of Postoperative Complications in a Neonate with a Symptomatic Imperforate Hymen.

Background: Untreated symptomatic imperforate hymens at birth can result in renal complications and ascending infection. Although guidelines recommend incision and drainage, little is discussed regarding postoperative management and surveillance.

Case: A 2-day-old infant with symptomatic imperforate hymen (hydrometrocolpos and hydronephrosis) underwent incision and drainage using sterile technique.

Piloting a Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial for Mothers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Their At-Risk Young Children.

Parental attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with suboptimal parenting and reduces the effectiveness of child ADHD treatments. We conducted a Pilot Sequential, Multiple Assignment, Randomized Trial (SMART Pilot) to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of sequencing medication and behavioral treatments for mothers with ADHD to target outcomes, including maternal ADHD, parenting, and child ADHD symptoms/impairment in multiplex ADHD families. Thirty-five mothers with ADHD and their 5- to 8-year-old child with ADHD symptoms were enrolled.

Nonanimal Models for Acute Toxicity Evaluations: Applying Data-Driven Profiling and Read-Across.

Background: Low-cost, high-throughput in vitro bioassays have potential as alternatives to animal models for toxicity testing. However, incorporating in vitro bioassays into chemical toxicity evaluations such as read-across requires significant data curation and analysis based on knowledge of relevant toxicity mechanisms, lowering the enthusiasm of using the massive amount of unstructured public data.

Objective: We aimed to develop a computational method to automatically extract useful bioassay data from a public repository (i.

Evaluating non-medical prescription opioid demand using commodity purchase tasks: test-retest reliability and incremental validity.

Rationale: Non-medical prescription opioid use and opioid use disorder (OUD) present a significant public health concern. Identifying behavioral mechanisms underlying OUD will assist in developing improved prevention and intervention approaches. Behavioral economic demand has been extensively evaluated as a measure of reinforcer valuation for alcohol and cigarettes, whereas prescription opioids have received comparatively little attention.

Influence of phendimetrazine maintenance on the reinforcing, subjective, performance, and physiological effects of intranasal cocaine.

Rationale: No pharmacotherapies are approved for cocaine use disorder. Phendimetrazine, a prodrug of the monoamine-releaser phenmetrazine, attenuates the reinforcing effects of cocaine in preclinical models, has minimal abuse potential, and is safe when combined with cocaine.

Objectives: This study determined the influence of phendimetrazine maintenance on the reinforcing effects of cocaine (i.

Ergot alkaloid exposure during gestation alters. I. Maternal characteristics and placental development of pregnant ewes1.

Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Scheyreb.) Darbysh] is the primary cool season forage grass in the Southeastern United States. Most tall fescue contains an endophytic fungus (Epichloë coenophiala) that produces ergot alkaloids and upon ingestion induces fescue toxicosis.

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Initial Efficacy of Delivering Alcohol Use Cognitive Interventions via Crowdsourcing.

Background: Inhibitory control training and working memory training are 2 cognitive interventions that have been considered for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Existing studies have typically relied on small samples that preclude the evaluation of small effects. Crowdsourcing is a sampling method that can address these limitations by effectively and efficiently recruiting large samples with varying health histories.

Experimental Evaluation of Softball Protective Headgear for Defensive Play.

The majority of head injuries sustained during softball play are due to defensive fielders being struck by a ball. The main objective of this study was to test the impact attenuation and facial protection capabilities of fielder's masks from softball impacts. Testing with an instrumented Hybrid III headform was conducted at 2 speeds and 4 impact locations for several protective conditions: 6 fielder's masks, 1 catcher's mask, and unprotected (no mask).

Short communication: Survey of hepatic copper concentrations in Midwest dairy cows.

Previous research from our laboratory and others indicates that liver copper concentrations in dairy cattle are commonly well above those recognized as adequate for the nutritional needs of the animal. It has also been speculated that hepatic copper concentrations have been increasing in recent years. Unlike other species, the threshold at which elevated liver copper concentrations becomes deleterious to hepatocytes is not known for cattle.

A Retrospective Analysis of Softball-Related Head and Facial Injuries Treated in United States Emergency Departments, 2013-2017.

Background: Softball is a popular sport played through both competitive and recreational leagues. While head and facial injuries are a known problem occurring from games, little is known about the frequency or mechanisms by which they occur.

Purpose: To analyze head/face injury diagnoses and to identify the mechanisms associated with such injuries.

Using behavioral economic variables to predict future alcohol use in a crowdsourced sample.

Background: Theoretical perspectives at the intersection of behavioral economics and operant theory have resulted in numerous advances for addiction science. Three mechanisms (i.e.

Implementation of the Healthy Workplace Participatory Program in a Retail Setting: A Feasibility Study and Framework for Evaluation.

Participatory methods used in Total Worker Health programs have not been well studied, and little is known about what is needed to successfully implement these programs. We conducted a participatory health promotion program with grocery store workers using the Healthy Workplace Participatory Program (HWPP) from the Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace. We recruited a design team made up of six line-level workers and a steering committee with management and union representatives; a research team member facilitated the program.

The influence of sex and estrous cyclicity on cocaine and remifentanil demand in rats.

The application of behavioral economic demand theory in addiction science has proved useful for evaluating individual characteristics underlying abuse liability. Two factors that have received comparably little attention within this literature are sex and gonadal hormones. We determined cocaine and remifentanil demand in male and female rats using a within-session procedure.

Design of a randomized trial testing a multi-level weight-control intervention to reduce obesity and related health conditions in low-income workers.

Weight-control is a major public health focus for preventing multiple obesity-related health conditions. While clinic-based intensive lifestyle interventions are successful, low-socioeconomic-status (SES) populations, which have a higher burden of obesity, are difficult to reach; thus, the workplace offers a useful setting to target low-SES workers. The current paper presents the design of a study testing a workplace intervention aimed at low-SES employees.

Reliability and validity of the Brief DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnostic Assessment: A systematic replication in a crowdsourced sample.

Effectively and efficiently identifying alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an essential goal for researchers and clinicians alike. To date, there are a limited number of self-reported tools specifically designed for evaluating DSM-5 criteria for AUD. The Brief DSM-5 AUD Diagnostic Assessment is a recently created participant self-reported measure with demonstrated reliability and validity in college student populations.

The impact of financial strain on medication non-adherence: Influence of psychiatric medication use.

Non-adherence to prescribed medications is a systemic public health concern. Financial strain, the extent to which an individual is unable to afford necessary items, may represent an important factor related to adherence. This study evaluated the association between financial strain and medication adherence as a function of medication type.

Evidence for divergent patterns of local selection driving venom variation in Mojave Rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus).

Snake venoms represent an enriched system for investigating the evolutionary processes that lead to complex and dynamic trophic adaptations. It has long been hypothesized that natural selection may drive geographic variation in venom composition, yet previous studies have lacked the population genetic context to examine these patterns. We leverage range-wide sampling of Mojave Rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus) and use a combination of venom, morphological, phylogenetic, population genetic, and environmental data to characterize the striking dichotomy of neurotoxic (Type A) and hemorrhagic (Type B) venoms throughout the range of this species.

Ontogenetic Change in the Venom of Mexican Black-Tailed Rattlesnakes ().

Ontogenetic changes in venom composition have important ecological implications due the relevance of venom in prey acquisition and defense. Additionally, intraspecific venom variation has direct medical consequences for the treatment of snakebite. However, ontogenetic changes are not well documented in most species.

Dimensions of impulsive behavior: Predicting contingency management treatment outcomes for adolescent smokers.

Background: Behavioral measures of impulsive behavior include the dimensions of behavioral disinhibition, decision-making, and lapses of attention. These behaviors are associated with a range of risky activities during adolescence, including cigarette smoking; however, few studies have evaluated their associations with tobacco treatment outcomes. The current study examined the relationship between impulsive behavior and contingency management treatment outcomes for adolescent smokers.

The use of crowdsourcing in addiction science research: Amazon Mechanical Turk.

Crowdsourcing, the use of the Internet to outsource work to a large number of people, has witnessed a dramatic growth over the past decade. One popular crowdsourcing option, Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), is now commonly used to sample participants for psychological research. Addiction science is positioned to benefit greatly from crowdsourced sampling due to the ability to efficiently and effectively tap into populations with specific behavioral and health histories.

Development of a scalable weight loss intervention for low-income workers through adaptation of interactive obesity treatment approach (iOTA).

Background: Describing how and why an evidence-based intervention is adapted for a new population and setting using a formal evaluation and an adaptation framework can inform others seeking to modify evidence-based weight management interventions for different populations or settings. The Working for You intervention was adapted, to fit a workplace environment, from Be Fit Be Well, an evidence-based intervention that targets weight-control and hypertension in patients at an outpatient clinic. Workplace-based efforts that promote diet and activity behavior change among low-income employees have potential to address the obesity epidemic.

Treatment of Prepubertal Labial Adhesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Objective: Although various treatment options have been proposed for the treatment of labial adhesions, there are currently no clearly outlined limits on the duration of topical therapy, amount of lateral traction to apply, and methods to decrease the recurrence. This clinical trial was undertaken to assess the need for estrogen for treatment of prepubertal labial adhesions.

Design: Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial.

Skin sensitization testing needs and data uses by US regulatory and research agencies.

United States regulatory and research agencies may rely upon skin sensitization test data to assess the sensitization hazards associated with dermal exposure to chemicals and products. These data are evaluated to ensure that such substances will not cause unreasonable adverse effects to human health when used appropriately. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission, the US Environmental Protection Agency, the US Food and Drug Administration, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the US Department of Defense are member agencies of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM).

Comparative venom-gland transcriptomics and venom proteomics of four Sidewinder Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes) lineages reveal little differential expression despite individual variation.

Changes in gene expression can rapidly influence adaptive traits in the early stages of lineage diversification. Venom is an adaptive trait comprised of numerous toxins used for prey capture and defense. Snake venoms can vary widely between conspecific populations, but the influence of lineage diversification on such compositional differences are unknown.

Hepatic copper concentrations in 546 dogs (1982-2015).

Background: Copper associated hepatitis (CAH) has been increasingly recognized in dogs, and speculation exists that hereditary defects in copper metabolism have been exacerbated by increased environmental copper exposure. However, no broad epidemiological investigations have been performed to investigate quantitative hepatic copper concentrations ([Cu] ) over time in both dogs that are (predisposed breed [PB]), and are not (non-predisposed breed [NPB]), considered at-risk for CAH.

Objectives: To investigate [Cu] in dogs and explore temporal, demographic, and histologic associations spanning 34 years.