Biomphalaria glabrata hemolymph lectins: binding to bacteria, mammalian erythrocytes, and to sporocysts and rediae of Echinostoma paraensei.

Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits to two groups of diffusely staining M line Biomphalaria glabrata plasma polypeptides, of 150-210 and 70-120 kDa, designated as Group 1 molecules (G1M) and group 2 molecules (G2M), respectively. G1M and G2M are known to increase in abundance and to become more diverse following infection of B. glabrata with the digenetic trematode Echinostoma paraensei.

Langenskiöld classification of tibia vara: an assessment of interobserver variability.

Six pediatric orthopaedic specialists and six senior orthopaedic residents independently classified 60 radiographs of infantile tibia vara according to the six-stage Langenskiöld classification. Correlation coefficients and percentage agreement were similar in both groups. Interobserver agreement was good for early and late stages, but was poor for intermediate stages.

Radiographic measurement of bowleg deformity: variability due to method and limb rotation.

In evaluation of bowlegs, the tibiofemoral axis (TFA) and the proximal tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (MDA) are commonly measured, but both are subject to measurement error. In this study, we determined the intraobserver errors for the MDA and TFA, comparing several different measurement techniques. We also determined the variability of these angles caused by 15 degrees and 30 degrees of external rotation of the knee.

Coronal-plane transcondylar fracture of the humerus in a child.

A coronal plane fracture of the distal humerus in a child is an uncommon fracture, with the most familiar example being a capitellar fracture. An unusual coronal fracture of the entire distal humeral articular surface (capitellum and trochlea) occurred in a three-year-old boy. This fracture pattern has been described in adults but is believed to be previously unreported in children.

Musculoskeletal manifestations of Proteus syndrome: report of two cases with literature review.

Proteus syndrome is a recently described hamartomatous condition characterized by macrodactyly, hemihypertrophy, subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors, epidermal nevi, and skull anomalies.

Arthroscopic visualization during excision of a central physeal bar.

A centrally located developmental physeal bar in the proximal tibia was removed via a metaphyseal window. The use of an arthroscope to assist in the complete removal of the bone bridge is described. The arthroscope improved visualization and allowed reduction in the size of the metaphyseal window.

Confocal microscopy of fertilization-induced calcium dynamics in sea urchin eggs.

Although confocal microscopy has typically been utilized in studies of fixed specimens, its potential for exploring dynamic processes in living cells is rapidly being realized. In this report, confocal laser scanning microscopy is used to analyze the calcium wave that occurs following fertilization in living sea urchin eggs microinjected with the calcium-sensitive fluorescent probes fluo-3 or calcium green. Time-lapse recordings of optical sections depicting calcium dynamics within the eggs are also subjected to volumetric reconstructions.

The Cytoskeleton and Nuclear Disassembly during Germinal Vesicle Breakdown in Starfish Oocytes: (1-methyladenine/cytochalasin B/microfilaments/microtubules/oocyte maturation).

In response to maturation-inducing hormone, prophase-arrested oocytes of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus resume meiosis and undergo nuclear disassembly during a process referred to as germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Time-lapse video recordings of maturing oocytes reveal that the nucleus lengthens along the animal-vegetal axis of the oocyte directly prior to GVBD. Neither taxol (10 μM) nor microtubule-depolymerizing agents [colcemid (50 μM), colchicine (250 μM), or nocodazole (1 μM)] prevent the pre-GVBD changes in nuclear shape from occurring, although correlative microscopical studies demonstrate that microtubules are nucleated (taxol) or depolymerized (colcemid, colchicine, nocodazole) at the concentrations listed above.

Nuclear envelope disassembly and nuclear lamina depolymerization during germinal vesicle breakdown in starfish.

During germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in starfish, the nuclear envelope disassembles before the nuclear lamina completely depolymerizes, judging from correlative ultrastructural, immunolabeling, and light microscopic analyses. At 13 degrees C, prophase-arrested oocytes of Pisaster ochraceus begin GVBD and rapidly undergo nuclear envelope disassembly about 50 min after addition of the maturation-inducing hormone 1-methyladenine (1-MA). The nuclear lamina of these oocytes, however, remains present for 10-20 min following the vesiculation of the nuclear envelope.

Single-vessel forearm arterial repairs. Patency rates using nuclear angiography.

Nuclear angiograms were used to determine early and delayed patency rates following primary microvascular repair of 12 radial and 24 ulnar arteries in 36 patients. All patients had nuclear angiograms within 1 week after repair, demonstrating an early patency rate of 86.1%.

Metamorphosis of the marine bryozoan Membranipora membranacea: An ultrastructural study of rapid morphogenetic movements.

The colonial marine bryozoan Membranipora membranacea produces a planktotrophic cyphonautes larva that is encased by a triangular bivalved shell. Following a relatively long free-swimming phase, the cyphonautes larva settles and undergoes a dramatic metamorphosis to become the sessile progenitor of the colony, referred to as the ancestrula. This paper examines the initial morphogenetic movements of metamorphosis that transform the cyphonautes larva into an incipient ancestrula.

The fine structure and development of calcified skeletal elements in the body wall of holothurian echinoderms.

The calcareous ossicles and iron-rich calcified granules in the integument of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroida) have been examined by light and electron microscopy. Most ossicles are perforated, platelike structures that measure 100-500 μm long and consist of magnesium-rich calcite. The formation of ossicles occurs within multinucleated syncytia of sclerocytes that are situated in the dermal layer of the body wall.

Solitary osseous myeloma with polyneuropathy. Case report and review of the literature.

Solitary osseous myeloma is an uncommon malignancy of bone which is distinguished from multiple myeloma by being localized and without associated monoclonal gammopathy or Bence-Jones proteinuria. This disease may present with a progressive symmetrical sensorimotor neuropathy. A recent case of localized myeloma with polyneuropathy is presented along with a review of the literature pertinent to orthopedic surgeons.

The ontogeny of shell secretion in Terebratalia transversa (Brachiopoda, Articulata). II. Formation of the protegulum and juvenile shell.

The fine structure of the shell and underlying mantle in young juveniles of the articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa has been examined by electron microscopy. The first shell produced by the mantle consists of a nonhinged protegulum that lacks concentric growth lines. The protegulum is secreted within a day after larval metamorphosis and typically measures 140-150 micron long.

The ontogeny of shell secretion in Terebratalia transversa (Brachiopoda, Articulata). I. Development of the mantle.

The morphology of the mantle in free-swimming and metamorphosing larvae of the articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mantle begins to form approximately 2 days after fertilization and subsequently develops into a skirtlike lobe that encircles the middle region of the larval body. A simple epithelium covers both the outer surface of the mantle lobe and the inner side situated next to the pedicle lobe of the larva.

Styletogenesis in nemertean worms: The ultrastructure of organelles involved in intracellular calcification.

The ultrastructure of cellular organelles involved in stylet formation is examined in six species of nemertean worms by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Stylets are nail-shaped structures containing calcium phosphate that are assembled intracellularly in large uninucleate cells, called styletocytes. Each stylet develops within a membrane-bound vacuole in the styletocyte cytoplasm.

Morphological changes during maturation of starfish oocytes: surface ultrastructure and cortical actin.

The cell surface and extracellular investments of oocytes of the starfish Pisaster ochraceus are analyzed by Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. The investing coats include a thin sheet of follicle cells, a jelly coat, and a vitelline layer; their morphologies are described. Methods are outlined for systematically removing them without altering the behavior of the oocyte so that the cell surface can be examined directly.

The ultrastructure of venom-producing cells in Paranemertes peregrina (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea).

The nemertean Paranemertes peregrina uses its long, eversible proboscis to capture nereid polychaetes. During prey capture, the glandular epithelium of the everted proboscis secretes a sticky venom that contains a potent neurotoxin. In this study, the ultrastructure of the venom-producing epithelium is examined before and after capture of nereid prey.

S.E.M. and polarization microscopy of nemertean stylets.

The ultrastructure of the stylets produced by nine species of nemerteans has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.

"Effort thrombosis" of the subclavian vein associated with oral contraceptives.

We report a case of "effort thrombosis" of the subclavian vein in a 33-year-old woman with several thrombotic risk factors, including the use of oral contraceptives. The signs and symptoms associated with this syndrome, as well as concepts concerning diagnostic techniques and management, are discussed.

Prognosis, survival, and the expenditure of hospital resources for patients in an intensive-care unit.

To define more precisely the factors determining the allocation of resources to critically ill patients, we asked physicians to estimate at the time of admission the short-term prognosis of patients who accounted for 1831 admissions to a medical intensive-care and coronary-care unit. We then examined the relations between this prognosis, the actual outcome, and the resource expenditure during a single hospitalization. We found that the care of nonsurvivors involved a significantly higher mean expenditure than did the care of survivors (P less than 0.

Larval morphology of the Nemertean Carcinonemertes epialti (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea).

The morphology of the newly hatched larva of Carcinonemertes epialti Coe has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The newly hatched larva is covered with cilia and measures about 110 μm in length. Four types of epidermal cells are recognizable: (1) Multiciliated cells, (2) vacuolated cells, (3) mucous cells, and (4) "knob cells".