Quantification of Proteins and Histone Marks in Drosophila Embryos Reveals Stoichiometric Relationships Impacting Chromatin Regulation.

Gene transcription in eukaryotes is regulated through dynamic interactions of a variety of different proteins with DNA in the context of chromatin. Here, we used mass spectrometry for absolute quantification of the nuclear proteome and methyl marks on selected lysine residues in histone H3 during two stages of Drosophila embryogenesis. These analyses provide comprehensive information about the absolute copy number of several thousand proteins and reveal unexpected relationships between the abundance of histone-modifying and -binding proteins and the chromatin landscape that they generate and interact with.

Outcome in serous ovarian cancer is not associated with LATS expression.

Background: Large tumor suppressor (LATS) proteins are putative tumor suppressors and poorly expressed associated with poor outcome in many cancers. A recent immunohistochemistry study showed that LATS protein expression correlated with poor outcome in serous ovarian cancer.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed LATS expression in various ovarian cancer transcriptomic data sets and immunohistochemically assessed LATS protein expression in a Swiss ovarian tumor cohort.

The gap between science and practice: A conversation.

The authors, friends, colleagues, and collaborators for almost 60 years engage in an informal discussion concerning the gap between science and practice. They identify some sources of the problem, some manifestations of it, and point the way to some possible solutions. The articles in this special section, because of their use of data collected in a naturalistic setting and the prominent role of clinicians, are viewed as one of many promising directions for the reconciliation of the activity of researchers and the needs of clinicians.

GenoGAM 2.0: scalable and efficient implementation of genome-wide generalized additive models for gigabase-scale genomes.

Background: GenoGAM (Genome-wide generalized additive models) is a powerful statistical modeling tool for the analysis of ChIP-Seq data with flexible factorial design experiments. However large runtime and memory requirements of its current implementation prohibit its application to gigabase-scale genomes such as mammalian genomes.

Results: Here we present GenoGAM 2.

GenoGAM: genome-wide generalized additive models for ChIP-Seq analysis.

Motivation: Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a widely used approach to study protein-DNA interactions. Often, the quantities of interest are the differential occupancies relative to controls, between genetic backgrounds, treatments, or combinations thereof. Current methods for differential occupancy of ChIP-Seq data rely however on binning or sliding window techniques, for which the choice of the window and bin sizes are subjective.

Brain size predicts problem-solving ability in mammalian carnivores.

Despite considerable interest in the forces shaping the relationship between brain size and cognitive abilities, it remains controversial whether larger-brained animals are, indeed, better problem-solvers. Recently, several comparative studies have revealed correlations between brain size and traits thought to require advanced cognitive abilities, such as innovation, behavioral flexibility, invasion success, and self-control. However, the general assumption that animals with larger brains have superior cognitive abilities has been heavily criticized, primarily because of the lack of experimental support for it.

Brains, brawn and sociality: a hyaena's tale.

Theoretically intelligence should evolve to help animals solve specific types of problems posed by the environment, but it remains unclear how environmental complexity or novelty facilitates the evolutionary enhancement of cognitive abilities, or whether domain-general intelligence can evolve in response to domain-specific selection pressures. The social complexity hypothesis, which posits that intelligence evolved to cope with the labile behaviour of conspecific group-mates, has been strongly supported by work on the sociocognitive abilities of primates and other animals. Here we review the remarkable convergence in social complexity between cercopithecine primates and spotted hyaenas, and describe our tests of predictions of the social complexity hypothesis in regard to both cognition and brain size in hyaenas.

The process of assimilative psychodynamic integration.

Assimilative psychotherapy integration is described and then characterized by a series of common processes: (1) multiple selves; (2) rupture repair; (3) corrective emotional experience; and (4) homework. These processes each have some degree of research support, are related to each other because of their contribution to the therapeutic relationship, and contribute to evidence-based practice.

The test of time: Strupp and Hadley's tripartite model of mental health (1977).

The original article by Strupp and Hadley (1977) is summarized, and its implications for practice, theory, and research are spelled out. The article anticipates constructivism in theory and practice and makes an important point about the independent value of the perspectives of the patient, the therapist, and society. However, contemporary research shows little incorporation of this valuable work.

Failures in psychodynamic psychotherapy.

This article addresses the issue of failures in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Drawing on the clinical and research literatures, and utilizing our clinical experiences, we first describe and define criteria for success and failure in treatment. We then review five factors that can lead to failure: client factors, therapist factors, technical factors, relationship factors, and environmental factors.

The local clinical scientist, evidence-based practice, and personality assessment.

The local clinical scientist model was devised for clinical practitioners including those engaged in personality assessment. It emphasizes the importance of local data, the consideration of each clinical encounter as a mini-research project, and the incorporation of existing research data where relevant. It is consistent with, but goes beyond, evidence-based practice.

Old wine in new bottles.

The matrix model as described by C.R. Snyder and T.

The unification of psychology and psychological organizations.

The Tree of Knowledge is an imaginative attempt to construct a metatheoretical system that proposes to unify the discipline of psychology. However, it is limited in its appreciation of political factors, and so an optimistic view of the possibility of the system overlooks the power issues that beset the field.

A consideration of challenges to psychological assessment instruments used in forensic settings: Rorschach as exemplar.

In this brief primer, we provide an outline of key issues that will help psychologists organize and prepare their expert testimony. These issues include the need to obtain essential sources of research, a review of the actual legal standards regarding admissibility of test data in expert testimony, the nature of the expert relative to the assessment instrument in expert testimony, the nature of legal versus scientific debate, and the examination of appropriate qualifications of expertise when offering legal testimony. In addition, we use a summary of information contained in several recent articles to address challenges directed against forensic psychological testing.

The many faces of self-disclosure.

The contributions of eight authors to this issue of In Session are discussed, with emphasis on who discloses what to whom, in what ways, and for what reasons. The primary conclusions concern the varieties of self-disclosure, the motives for self-disclosure, the appropriate outcome variable in studying self-disclosure, the value of evidence, the importance of the context, and the crucial role of the relationship. Self-disclosure, properly used, can be a significant contributor to successful psychotherapy.

What is a scientist-practitioner anyway?

The scientist-practitioner model is the dominant approach to training in clinical psychology, but it is more readily realized in theory than in practice. The articles in this series consider ways to make research more accessible to the practitioner in a realistic and helpful manner, and to allow practitioners to influence the course of research. Many innovative models are described, and they converge on a high value placed on methodological pluralism.

The moderating effect of aggressive problem behaviors in the generation of more positive attitudes toward nursing home residents.

This study examined the ability of a social history intervention to generate more positive attitudes toward nursing home patients, and to increase staff members' perceived rewards of care-giving. In contrast to prior studies, residents' problem behaviors were examined as potential moderators in the relationship. Forty-three staff members participated in an experimental, 3 (informational condition: social history, medical, control) x 2 (time: pre-test, post-test) within-subjects factorial design that employed newly admitted residents as target patients.

Introduction: Listening to the Voice of the C/S/X: Consumer/Survivor/Expatient.

People who are receiving services for professionally diagnosed psychological disabilities often are not consulted about the nature of those services, or their willingness to participate in them. This issue of the journal presents the autobiographical accounts of four such people, followed by commentaries about those accounts by three professional service-givers. This collection emphasizes the need to obtain informed consent for any psychological services that are offered, for ethical, humane, and professional reasons.

Becoming a grandparent: a longitudinal study of expectations and early experiences as a function of sex and lineage.

First-time grandparents (N = 152) participated in a study of expectations of grandparenthood while their first grandchild was still in utero. One to 2 years after their first grandchild was born, they were asked to fill out the Thomas (1990) grandparent questionnaire again, and 103 did so. Expectations and experiences of grandparenthood were compared separating grandparents by sex and by lineage.

The immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics: in vitro and ex vivo investigations of 21 substances by means of the lymphocyte transformation test.

Besides their antimicrobial activity antibiotics can modulate immune response. The paper provides original data about in vitro and in vivo influence of antibiotics on lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and gives a comprehensive overview of literature data. In the study presented here the influence of several antimicrobial substances on unstimulated and PHA-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was investigated.

Case vignette: cybertherapy.

Dr. Neuro Transmitter, a psychotherapist in Paramus, New Jersey, provides services through an online, real-time consultation service known as CyberShrink, Inc., of Dallas, Texas.

The local clinical scientist. A bridge between science and practice.

The local clinical scientist brings the attitudes and knowledge base of the scientist to bear on the problems that must be addressed by the clinician in the consulting room. The problems of inadequate generalizability are reduced by a recognition of the value of local observations and local solutions to problems. However, these observations and solutions benefit by the scientific attitude of the clinician and are subjected to the same need for verifiability that greets all scientific enterprises.

A linkage of knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality: not necessarily a uniform relationship.

A critical review of the literature regarding individuals' knowledge and their attitudes toward elderly sexuality is presented. A generally positive relationship was discovered between various age cohorts' depth of knowledge and their permissiveness of attitudes. However, some health care providers demonstrated a negative relationship between their knowledge and attitudes.

Ethical concerns in alcohol research.

Jacob, Krahn, & Leonard (1991) present a study that raises a number of ethical issues. The methodology creates a conflict between the avoidance of endangerment and informed consent. The weight ordinarily given to properly received informed consent is reduced by the presence of mildly coercive experimental conditions.