Number needed to isolate - a new population health metric to quantify transmission reductions from isolation interventions for infectious diseases.

Background: We have previously developed and reported on a procedure for estimating the purported benefits of immunity mandates using a novel variant of the number needed to treat (NNT) which we called the number needed to isolate (NNI). Here we demonstrate its broader properties as a useful population health metric.

Main Body: The NNI is analogous to the number needed to treat (NNT = 1/ARR), except the absolute risk reduction (ARR) is the absolute transmission risk in a specific population.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Spanish of the PANELVIEW instrument to evaluate the health guidelines development process.

Objectives: The PANELVIEW questionnaire identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the process and methods used for developing health guidelines from the guideline development group's perspective. To expand its use, PANELVIEW ideally should be available in different languages. We aimed to cross-culturally adapt PANELVIEW into Spanish and assess its acceptability, validity, and reliability.

Diagnostic Accuracy of SPECT for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of brain perfusion SPECT for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Patients And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42023484636). Five databases were searched for studies evaluating brain perfusion SPECT in adult patients with mTBI (GCS 13-15).

One-Day Peer-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Myriad treatment barriers prevent birthing parents with postpartum depression (PPD) from receiving timely treatment. We aimed to determine whether a peer-delivered online 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based workshop added to treatment as usual (TAU) improves PPD and its comorbidities and is more cost-effective than TAU alone.

Methods: This parallel-group, randomized controlled trial took place in Ontario, Canada (June 7, 2021, to February 18, 2022).

Resilience and associated factors in orphaned and separated adolescents in Kenya: Understanding the relationship with care environment and HIV risks.

Orphans are at higher risk of HIV infection and several important HIV risk factors than non-orphans; however, this may be due to a combination of related social, psychological, and economic factors, as well as care environment, rather than orphan status alone. Understanding these complex relationships may aid policy makers in supporting evidence-based, cost-effective programming for this vulnerable population. This longitudinal study uses a causal effect model to examine, through decomposition, the relationship between care environment and HIV risk factors in orphaned and separated adolescents and youths (OSAY) in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya; considering resilience, social, peer, or family support, volunteering, or having one's material needs met as potential mediators.

Canadian respiratory therapists who considered leaving their clinical position experienced elevated moral distress and adverse psychological and functional outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Respiratory therapists (RTs) faced morally distressing situations throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, including working with limited resources and facilitating video calls for families of dying patients. Moral distress is associated with a host of adverse psychological and functional outcomes (e.g.

Online peer-delivered group cognitive-behavioral therapy for postpartum depression: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to one in five mothers and birthing parents, yet just 10% receive evidence-based care. This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine if a synchronous online 9-week group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention delivered by mothers who have recovered from postpartum depression (i.e.

Psychometric properties of the difficulties in emotion regulation Scale in a perinatal sample.

Background: One in five pregnant and postpartum individuals experience an anxiety, depressive, and/or trauma-related disorder. Emotion dysregulation (ED) underlies the development and maintenance of various mental health disorders. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is the most comprehensive and commonly used measure of emotion dysregulation, yet limited evidence supports its use in the perinatal population.

Psychometric properties of the PSWQ in a sample of pregnant and postpartum women.

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)-characterised by excessive and uncontrollable worry-is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Identification of GAD often relies on assessment of its cardinal feature, pathological worry. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) is the most robust measure of pathological worry to date but has not been extensively evaluated for use during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

The Worry Behaviors Inventory-Perinatal Revised: Adaptation and Initial Validation for Use in Perinatal Samples.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a leading mental health concern during pregnancy and the postpartum (perinatal) period. People with GAD engage in problematic behaviors to manage their distress. However, the extent of GAD behaviors during the perinatal period may not be adequately captured by the Worry Behaviors Inventory (WBI), the most comprehensive measure of GAD behaviors to date.

Ictal ECG-based assessment of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

Introduction: Previous case-control studies of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) patients failed to identify ECG features (peri-ictal heart rate, heart rate variability, corrected QT interval, postictal heart rate recovery, and cardiac rhythm) predictive of SUDEP risk. This implied a need to derive novel metrics to assess SUDEP risk from ECG.

Methods: We applied Single Spectrum Analysis and Independent Component Analysis (SSA-ICA) to remove artifact from ECG recordings.

Subgroups of borderline personality disorder: A latent class analysis.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability in interpersonal, affective, cognitive, self-identity, and behavioral domains. For a BPD diagnosis, individuals must present at least five of nine symptoms, resulting in 256 possible symptom combinations; thus, individuals diagnosed with BPD can differ substantially. Specific symptoms of BPD tend to co-occur, suggesting BPD subgroups.

In-person 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy-based workshops for postpartum depression: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to one in five mothers and birthing parents, yet as few as 10% access evidence-based treatment. One-day cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based workshops for PPD have the potential to reach large numbers of sufferers and be integrated into stepped models of care.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial of 461 mothers and birthing parents in Ontario, Canada with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores ⩾10, age ⩾18 years, and an infant <12 months of age compared the effects of a 1-day CBT-based workshop plus treatment as usual (TAU; i.

Estimating the risk reduction of isolation on COVID-19 nonhousehold transmission and severe/critical illness in nonimmune individuals: September to November 2021.

There is growing scientific interest in immunity mandates/passports (IMP) for viral diseases in light of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. IMP isolate those who remain nonimmune from various settings to reduce nonhousehold transmissions from the nonimmune and reduce severe/critical illness among the nonimmune. A major limitation in the scientific literature is that there are currently no methods to quantify how many nonimmune individuals need to be isolated to achieve these purported benefits.

Impact of the CBT-Meno protocol on menopause-specific beliefs, dysfunctional attitudes, and coping behaviors.

Objective: A recent clinical trial demonstrated that a group cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol for menopause (CBT-Meno; Green et al. Menopause 2019;26(9):972-980) was effective in reducing menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor and depressive symptoms. The current analyses evaluated the effectiveness of CBT-Meno in improving menopause-specific beliefs, dysfunctional attitudes associated with depression, and menopause-specific behaviors.

The relationships between resilience, care environment, and social-psychological factors in orphaned and separated adolescents in western Kenya.

The relationships between care environment, resilience, and social factors in orphaned and separated adolescents and youths (OSAY) in western Kenya are complex and under-studied. This study examines these relationships through the analysis of survey responses from OSAY living in Charitable Children's Institutes (CCI) and family-based care settings (FBS) in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The associations between 1) care environment and resilience (measured using the 14-item Resilience Scale); 2) care environment and factors thought to promote resilience (e.

The Effectiveness of 6 versus 12 Months of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Evidence-based psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder (BPD) are lengthy, posing a barrier to their access. Brief psychotherapy may achieve comparable outcomes to long-term psychotherapy for BPD. Evidence is needed regarding the comparative effectiveness of short- versus long-term psychotherapy for BPD.

Intolerance of Uncertainty and Perfectionistic Beliefs About Parenting as Cognitive Mechanisms of Symptom Change During Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety.

Objective: A recent randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavior therapy (CBGT) for perinatal anxiety showed that CBGT is effective in reducing anxiety and depression in pregnant and postpartum women. In secondary analyses, the role of potential mechanisms of symptom change was examined, including intolerance of uncertainty (IU), self-oriented parenting perfectionism (SOPP) and societal-prescribed parenting perfectionism (SPPP).

Method: The sample included 75 women (M = 31.

Do anxiety and depression symptoms moderate the effect of motivational enhancement therapy as a pretreatment to dialectical behaviour therapy skills training? A follow-up analysis of a pilot randomised controlled trial for youth.

Aim: We conducted a follow-up analysis of a pilot randomised controlled trial to examine whether baseline depression and anxiety symptoms moderated the impact of a motivational enhancement therapy (MET) pretreatment to dialectical behaviour therapy skill training (DBT-ST) for EA experiencing emotion dysregulation.

Methods: All participants completed a 12-week DBT-ST group intervention and participants in the MET/DBT-ST condition also completed a 4-week group MET pretreatment. Nineteen MET/DBT-ST participants and 26 DBT-ST only participants completed the treatment as per protocol.

Evidence-Based Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging.

Artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging is in its infancy. However, ongoing advances in hardware and software as well as increasing access to ever-expanding datasets for training, validation, and testing purposes are likely to make AI an increasingly prevalent and powerful tool. Of course issues, such as the need to protect the privacy of sensitive health data, remain; nevertheless, it is likely the average imager will need to develop an evidence-based approach to assessing AI in medical imaging.

Peer-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

To determine if a 9-week group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention delivered by women who have recovered from postpartum depression (peers) can effectively reduce symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety and improve social support and the mother-infant relationship. A sample of 73 mothers living in Ontario, Canada, were randomized into experimental and waitlist control groups between March 2018 and February 2020. Participants were ≥ 18 years of age, had an infant < 12 months old, were fluent in English, and scored ≥ 10 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Development of a reliable Dosha self-assessment questionnaire.

Introduction: The Ayurvedic theory of Tri-Dosha offers a unique framework for understanding human differences in health and disease. The Doshas could be readily applied in clinical studies to control for such differences the same way sex, age, height and weight are routinely used except that clinical evaluation is required and methods vary. No open-source questionnaire has been shown to be reliable for self-assessment.

Effect of Online 1-Day Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Workshops Plus Usual Care vs Usual Care Alone for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects as many as 20% of mothers, yet just 1 in 10 of these women receives evidence-based treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased PPD risk, reduced treatment access, and shifted preferences toward virtual care.

Objective: To determine whether an online 1-day cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based workshop added to treatment as usual improves PPD, anxiety, social support, mother-infant relationship quality, and infant temperament more than treatment as usual alone.

The role of emotion dysregulation in cognitive behavioural group therapy for perinatal anxiety: Results from a randomized controlled trial and routine clinical care.

Background: Emotion dysregulation (ED) has been implicated in anxiety disorders and may play an important role in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) treatment for perinatal anxiety outcomes although there is a dearth of research in this area. The current study investigated the role of ED in perinatal anxiety treatment outcome to determine whether it impacts CBT treatment outcomes and whether CBT reduces ED.

Methods: Secondary analyses were run on a sample of N = 75 women participating in a CBT for perinatal anxiety randomized controlled trial (RCT), and N = 47 women who received the treatment as part of routine clinical care.