GABAergic amacrine cells balance biased chromatic information in the mouse retina.

The retina extracts chromatic information present in an animal's environment. How this information is processed in the retina is not well understood. In the mouse, chromatic information is not collected equally throughout the retina.

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with CPAP improves daytime sleepiness and fatigue in cancer patients.

Background: Fatigue and sleep disorders are prevalent in cancer patients. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly causes excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue. We hypothesize that treating cancer patients with OSA using positive airway pressure (PAP) will improve EDS and fatigue.

Functional connectivity in complex regional pain syndrome: A bicentric study.

Brain imaging studies in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have found mixed evidence for functional and structural changes in CRPS. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated two patient cohorts from different centers and examined functional connectivity (rsFC) in 51 CRPS patients and 50 matched controls. rsFC was compared in predefined ROI pairs, but also in non-hypothesis driven analyses.

Actin-mediated avoidance of tricellular junction influences global topology at the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem.

Division plane orientation contributes to cell shape and topological organization, playing a key role in morphogenesis, but the precise physical and molecular mechanism influencing these processes remains largely obscure in plants. In particular, it is less clear how the placement of the new walls occurs in relation to the walls of neighboring cells. Here, we show that genetic perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton results in more rectangular cell shapes and higher incidences of four-way junctions, perturbing the global topology of cells in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Lenvatinib Plus Ifosfamide and Etoposide in Children and Young Adults With Relapsed Osteosarcoma: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The combination of ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) is commonly used to treat relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma; however, second-line treatment recommendations vary across guidelines.

Objective: To evaluate whether the addition of lenvatinib to IE (LEN-IE) improves outcomes in children and young adults with relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The OLIE phase II, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted globally across Europe, Asia and the Pacific, and North America.

The landscape of Functional Outcome Measures Used in Patients with Bone Sarcoma of the Lower Extremity or Pelvis: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review provides a structured overview of the measurement instruments of functional outcome used in lower extremity and pelvic bone sarcoma patients. We identified 42 unique instruments covering 18 distinct functional outcome constructs with most studies measuring constructs within the activity domain of the International Classification of Functioning, disability, and health. The MusculoSkeletal Tumor Society 1993 and 1987 score, Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, and range of motion instruments were the measurement instruments most commonly used.

Germination responses to changing rainfall timing reveal potential climate vulnerability in a clade of wildflowers.

The seasonal timing of life history transitions is often critical to fitness, and many organisms rely upon environmental cues to match life cycle events with favorable conditions. In plants, the timing of seed germination is mediated by seasonal cues such as rainfall and temperature. Variation in cue responses among species can reflect evolutionary processes and adaptation to local climate and can affect vulnerability to changing conditions.

Teosinte populations exhibit weak local adaptation to their rhizosphere biota despite strong effects of biota source on teosinte fitness and traits.

While biotic interactions often impose selection, species and populations vary in whether they are locally adapted to biotic interactions. Evolutionary theory predicts that environmental conditions drive this variable local adaptation by altering the fitness impacts of species interactions. To investigate the influence of an environmental gradient on adaptation between a plant and its associated rhizosphere biota, we cross-combined teosinte (Zea mays ssp.

Age-associated growth control modifies leaf proximodistal symmetry and enabled leaf shape diversification.

Biological shape diversity is often manifested in modulation of organ symmetry and modification of the patterned elaboration of repeated shape elements. Whether and how these two aspects of shape determination are coordinately regulated is unclear. Plant leaves provide an attractive system to investigate this problem, because they often show asymmetries along the proximodistal (PD) axis of their blades, along which they can also produce repeated marginal outgrowths such as serrations or leaflets.

Selection of antibody-binding covalent aptamers.

Aptamers are oligonucleotides with antibody-like binding function, selected from large combinatorial libraries. In this study, we modified a DNA aptamer library with N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, enabling covalent conjugation with cognate proteins. We selected for the ability to bind to mouse monoclonal antibodies, resulting in the isolation of two distinct covalent binding motifs.

Co-targeting SOS1 enhances the antitumor effects of KRAS inhibitors by addressing intrinsic and acquired resistance.

Combination approaches are needed to strengthen and extend the clinical response to KRAS inhibitors (KRASi). Here, we assessed the antitumor responses of KRAS mutant lung and colorectal cancer models to combination treatment with a SOS1 inhibitor (SOS1i), BI-3406, plus the KRAS inhibitor, adagrasib. We found that responses to BI-3406 plus adagrasib were stronger than to adagrasib alone, comparable to adagrasib with SHP2 (SHP2i) or EGFR inhibitors and correlated with stronger suppression of RAS-MAPK signaling.

Translation of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales, Form C in Patients with Headache.

The MHLC-C is a condition-specific instrument measuring the internal and external loci of control beliefs, adaptable to various health conditions. Translated into Swedish and Chinese, this study aims to translate the MHLC-C into German using the FACID-Method. The English version is validated and reliable; the German version requires these validation steps.

A deep learning-based toolkit for 3D nuclei segmentation and quantitative analysis in cellular and tissue context.

We present a new set of computational tools that enable accurate and widely applicable 3D segmentation of nuclei in various 3D digital organs. We have developed an approach for ground truth generation and iterative training of 3D nuclear segmentation models, which we applied to popular CellPose, PlantSeg and StarDist algorithms. We provide two high-quality models trained on plant nuclei that enable 3D segmentation of nuclei in datasets obtained from fixed or live samples, acquired from different plant and animal tissues, and stained with various nuclear stains or fluorescent protein-based nuclear reporters.

Impact of age on safety of Busulfan-Melphalan followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation versus standard chemotherapy in the patients of the EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 and Ewing 2008 clinical trials.

Introduction: Ewing sarcoma (ES), is a rare cancer affecting children, adolescents and adults. After VIDE (vincristine-ifosfamide-doxorobucin-etoposide) induction chemotherapy, Busulfan-Melphalan (BuMel) high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation improved outcomes in unfavourable localized ES, but with more toxicities than conventional chemotherapy (VAI: Vincristine-dactinomycin-Ifosfamide). We evaluated whether the risk of acute toxicity associated with BuMel compared to VAI varied according to age in patients recruited in the R2Loc and R2Pulm randomised trials of the Euro-E.

Clinical utility of CT myelography renal collecting system density in the evaluation of spinal CSF leak or CSF-venous connection in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Introduction: Identifying spontaneous CSF leaks can be difficult on CT myelography (CTM) in patients with suspected spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). The current study compared renal collecting system (RCS) density during CTM in patients with suspected SIH relative to non-SIH controls and evaluated the overall utility as an indirect sign of spontaneous CSF leak in patients with SIH.

Methods: All CTM performed over an 8-year period (n = 392) were retrospectively reviewed and included cases (n = 295) were divided into groups consisting of SIH patients with (n = 35) or without (n = 77) confirmed CSF leak on CTM and non-SIH controls (n = 183).

A Prospective Observational Cohort Study for Newly Diagnosed Osteosarcoma Patients in the UK: ICONIC Study Initial Results.

There has been little change to the standard treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) over the last 25 years and there is an unmet need to identify new biomarkers and novel therapeutic approaches if outcomes are to improve. Furthermore, there is limited evidence on the impact of OS treatment on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). ICONIC (Improving Outcomes through Collaboration in Osteosarcoma; NCT04132895) is a prospective observational cohort study recruiting newly diagnosed OS patients across the United Kingdom (UK) with matched longitudinal collection of clinical, biological, and PRO data.

Improving head and neck sarcoma care: The impact of a specialized multidisciplinary team approach on diagnosis and patient outcomes.

Objective: Globally, head & neck sarcoma care pathways remain unclear. In 2018, the London Sarcoma Service (LSS) set up a dedicated head and neck sarcoma (HNS) multidisciplinary team (MDT) with a clear objective to provide formal access to super-specialist expertise in diagnosis, treatment planning and management of HNS. The aim of the study is to provide first results of a dedicated HNS MDT.

Rare but diverse off-target and somatic mutations found in field and greenhouse grown trees expressing CRISPR/Cas9.

CRISPR gene editing, while highly efficient in creating desired mutations, also has the potential to cause off-target mutations. This risk is especially high in clonally propagated plants, where editing reagents may remain in the genome for long periods of time or in perpetuity. We studied a diverse population of and trees that had CRISPR/Cas9-containing transgenes that targeted one or two types of floral development genes, homologs of and .