Radioisotopic detection of sentinel lymph nodes in clinically localized high-risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: To explore the efficacy of a radioisotopic (RI) method in detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), known as sites of harboring metastases, in localized high-risk prostate cancer (HRPC).

Methods: The RI method was applied to 26 males with clinically localized HRPC, subjected to radical prostatectomy in 2006-2008. All had poor pathological characteristics: initial PSA > 15 ng/ml, Gleason score > 7, clinically suspected extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and/or positive pelvic lymph nodes (LNs).

[Local screening program for prostate cancer].

Objective: By massive screening of men between 50 and 75 years of age, to find those of them that are in the early stage of the carcinoma of the prostate and evaluate the usefulness of applying this method nationwide.

Patients And Methods: 183 male Pleven citizens between 50 and 75 years of age underwent clinical examination, digital rectal examination (DRE) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determination. Those with suspicious DRE or PSA > 4 ng/ml underwent further examinations: transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and biopsy.

[Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with tamsulosin].

The past few decades mark a rejuvenation of the contingent of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. The condition affects mainly the active age in men, with the substantial financial burden of treatment leading to a surge of interest in the disease. The hazards of postoperative complications development constrain modern urologists to seek for new, safer and more effective methods of conservative management.

[A paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with a carcinoma of the upper urinary tract].

Evidence of a paraneoplastic syndrome is established in 21/63 patients (33.3 per cent) presenting upper urinary tract tumors. It becomes manifest 2-5 months before diagnosing the basic malignant disease.

[Mathematical analysis in the prognostic determination of survivorship in patients with urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract].

Mathematical analysis of the probable five-year survivorship is performed in patients operated on for neoplasms involving the urothelium lining the upper urinary tracts. The prognosis groups thus obtained are compared with the results of 5- to 10-year-long observation on the postoperative survival in fourty-one patients. It is established that the anticipated survivorship is determined with a high-degree probability by resorting to the mathematical method described.

[Urethral stricture and chronic recurrent cystitis in women].

The study covers eighty-seven women, aged 21 to 68 years, presenting chronic recurrent cystitis. In 53 of the total number (60.92 percent) no evidence of intravesical obstruction is found.

[Ketamine at low doses + etomidate or diazepam--a comparative clinical study of anesthesia in urology].

Eighty urological patients, divided in two equal groups, are anesthesized using two anaesthetic combinations: small dose kaliposol + etomidate, or diazepam. The obtained results point to a stability of the arterial pressure and pulse rate and prompt recovery, rendering the kalipsol-etomidate combination an alternative to the kalipsol-diazepam one which is well affirmed in urological practice.

[An analysis of the surgical treatment of tumors of the upper urinary tract].

Over a ten-year period (1982-1993), forty-three patients with tumors of the upper urinary tract are operated in the urological clinic of the Medical University--Pleven. The types of operative interventions used include: radical nephroureterectomy with resection of the urinary bladder in 23 patients, with a postoperative incidence of recurrences amounting to 21.7 per cent; nephroureterectomy (7 cases) with 42.

[The problem of paramedicine and the therapy of urologic patients].

A questionnaire study covering a large number of urological patients is carried out in an attempt to establish the extent to which the services of paramedical healers are sought, as well as the underlying motivation involved. It is demonstrated that 13.12 per cent of the inquired refer to alternative medicine specialists.

[Oleogranuloma of the penis].

Based on literature data and personal clinical experience with twenty patients presenting sex organ oleogranuloma, summed up inferences are reached about the choice of a rational therapeutic approach. The conservative treatment in both acute and chronic stage of the disease proves ineffective. Operative treatment is the basic one, and is aimed at radical removal of the granulation tissue and injected lipid material deposits.

[The clinical and anesthesiological aspects of ambulatory pediatric urological operations].

Over a five-year period, a total of 838 children, aged 0.5 to 15 years, undergo surgical treatment in the urological clinic, accounting for 16.49 per cent of all operations performed.

[Preoperative immunoprophylaxis in wound and urinary infections in urological patients with Urostim].

In two groups of 25 urological patients each, with and free of urinary infection, Urostim is administered fifteen days before and after the operation. The prophylactic effect of the drug in terms of hospital transmitted wound and urinary infections is recorded on the basis of comparative study with control groups. As shown by the results obtained, Urostim immunoprophylaxis yields positive results in urological practice.

[The complications of the polycystic kidney requiring surgical treatment].

The complications--incidence, relation with renal function and treatment--and the results of treatment are analyzed in 87 patients with autosomal-dominant polycystic disease of the kidneys. Complications requiring surgical management developed in 16 patients (18.4 per cent).

[Rare complications in polycystic kidney--the difficulties in their diagnosis and treatment].

The development of some rare complications of renal polycystosis is discussed. Four patients with chronic polycystosis with complications are followed up. In 3 of them (2 of them on chroniodialysis) the cysts suppurated and after an infective conservative treatment they were treated surgically-puncture, cyst excision and unilateral nephrectomy.

[Ketamine analgesia with low (subanesthetic) doses during endoscopic urological operations].

The aim of the study is analgesia of patients in urologic practice with unusual (subanesthetic) ketamine doses from 0.5 to 1 mg/kg body mass. It was applied in 50 men 50 to 70 years of age for the period 1986-1988--in 40 for transurethral resection (TUR) and in 10 for urethrotomy.

[The diagnostic difficulties in multiple tumors of the urothelium].

Early diagnosis of all the foci in multiple urothelial tumors keeps on being difficult. On comparison of the clinical and postmortem diagnosis the tumor of the renal pelvis remains unrecognized in about 31 per cent of the cases and the tumor in the ureter in more than 50 per cent. A case is reported of primary multiple urothelial tumor, for whose diagnosis all modern methods were used.