Light Exposure on Alertness after Wake-Up in Healthy Men: Comparing Dim, Bright, Red, and Blue Light.

Introduction: Light is a key factor in moderating human alertness, both subjective and objective. However, the methodology applies in research on the effects of exposure to light of different wavelengths and intensities on objective and subjective alertness varies greatly and evidence on objective alertness in particular is still inconclusive. Thus, the present, highly standardized within-subject laboratory study on N = 44 healthy males explored how LED light of different intensities (dim vs.

[The utilization of ophthalmological emergency departments is on the rise : 14-year results from a German tertiary university outpatient department].

Background: The increasing congestion in emergency departments of all specialties is one of the most pressing challenges of our time.

Objective: The aim of this study is to make a well-founded contribution to the development of emergency case numbers in the tertiary sector (specialist clinics) of German ophthalmology. From this, the need to develop new control and triage mechanisms for ophthalmology can be derived.

Cutting Efficiency of Diamond Grinders on Composite and Zirconia.

This in vitro study was carried out to compare the cutting efficiency of diamond grinders on zirconia and resin-based composite materials. Grinders were employed with a special holder for the handpiece to apply a constant load (160 g) for resin-based composite (8 cuts, 40 s each) and zirconia materials (4 cuts, 5 min each; n = 10 for each material and grinder). To assess the efficiency of the grinders, weight measurements of the material were taken before and after the grinding process.

Influencing Factors on Pupillary Light Responses as a Biomarker for Local Retinal Function in a Large Normative Cohort.

Purpose: Investigating influencing factors on the pupillary light response (PLR) as a biomarker for local retinal function by providing epidemiological data of a large normative collective and to establish a normative database for the evaluation of chromatic pupil campimetry (CPC).

Methods: Demographic and ophthalmologic characteristics were captured and PLR parameters of 150 healthy participants (94 women) aged 18 to 79 years (median = 46 years) were measured with L-cone- and rod-favoring CPC protocols. Linear-mixed effects models were performed to determine factors influencing the PLR and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data were correlated with the pupillary function volume.

Effects of Miosis on the Visual Acuity Space under Varying Conditions of Contrast and Ambient Luminance in Presbyopia.

Presbyopia is an age-related ocular condition, typically affecting individuals aged over 40 years, characterized by a gradual and irreversible decline in the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects. Correction methods for presbyopia encompass the use of corrective lenses, surgical interventions (corneal or lens based), and, more recently, the FDA-approved topical administration of 1.25% pilocarpine.

Pull-Off Behavior of Hand-Cast, Thermoformed, Milled, and 3D-Printed Splints.

Purpose: To investigate the insertion/pull-out performance of splints produced by hand casting, thermoforming, milling, and 3D printing.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 identical mandibular splints (n = 8 specimens per group) were manufactured with hand casting, thermoforming, milling, and 3D printing. The splints were stored in water at 37°C for 10 days and then placed onto cobalt-chromium arches and fixed on one side.

Pharmacokinetics of Novel Dopamine Transporter Inhibitor CE-123 and Modafinil with a Focus on Central Nervous System Distribution.

-CE-123, a novel dopamine transporter inhibitor, has emerged as a potential candidate for cognitive enhancement. The objective of this study was to compare the tissue distribution profiles, with a specific focus on central nervous system distribution and metabolism, of -CE-123 and -modafinil. To address this objective, a precise liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method was developed and partially validated.

Finite Element Analysis of Occlusal Interferences in Dental Prosthetics Caused by Occlusal Adjustment.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of occlusal interference using finite element analysis (FEA).

Materials And Methods: The FEA model designed for this study centered on an all-ceramic, bilayered, fixed partial denture (FPD) retained on the maxillary first premolar and first molar, with the second premolar replaced by a pontic. The surrounding structures-such as the neighboring teeth, antagonists, and periodontium-were modeled.

Rod and Cone Function Measured Objectively by Chromatic Pupil Campimetry Show a Different Preservation Between Distinct Genotypes in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: Verifying whether specific genotypes causing retinitis pigmentosa (RP) show differences in the preservation of rod and cone function measured by chromatic pupil campimetry (CPC).

Methods: Sixty-three RP eyes (37 male, 14-58 years) were measured using CPC with specific photopic and scotopic protocols, and the relative maximal constriction amplitudes and latencies to constriction onset were analyzed per genotype (RP due to variants in EYS, n = 14; PDE6A, n = 10; RPE65, n = 15; USH2A, n = 10; and RPGR, n = 14). Correlation analyses between the pupillary responses were performed with age, full-field stimulus threshold (FST), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for cones and rods, respectively, to the genotype.

Impact of text contrast polarity on the retinal activity in myopes and emmetropes using modified pattern ERG.

Environmental factors favoring myopia development are still being studied and there is accumulating evidence for a significant role of nearwork. Recently, reading standard black-on-white text was found to activate the retinal OFF pathway and induce choroidal thinning, which is associated with myopia onset. Contrarily, reading white-on-black text led to thicker choroids, being protective against myopia.

The VA-CAL Test Quantifies Improvement of Visual Acuity in Achromatopsia by Means of Short-Wave Cutoff Filter Glasses in Daily Living Conditions.

Purpose: To quantify visual performance of patients with achromatopsia at various contrast and luminance combinations typical for daily living conditions, in comparison to controls, and to measure beneficial effects of short-wavelength cutoff filter glasses used by patients with achromatopsia to reduce glare sensation.

Methods: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was tested with Landolt rings using an automated device (VA-CAL test). The visual acuity space was assessed for each participant with and without filter glasses (transmission >550 nm) at 46 contrast-luminance combinations (18%-95%; 0-10,000 cd/m2).

Monocular transcorneal electrical stimulation induces ciliary muscle thickening in contralateral eye.

Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) is used as therapy for retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and was suggested for assessing retinal sensitivity by determining phosphene thresholds, subjective luminance impressions caused by retinal stimulation. Further applications concerned the accommodation process, revealing an improved accommodative amplitude in presbyopic eyes after TES treatment. The respective changes of the ciliary muscle (CM), the structure most important for near vision, during TES are yet unknown.

Microstructure, composition, and flexural strength of different layers within zirconia materials with strength gradient.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare composition, microstructure, and mechanical strength of current multilayer zirconia blanks.

Methods: Bar shaped specimens were made from several layers of multilayer zirconia blanks (Cercon ht ML, Dentsply Sirona, US; Katana Zirconia YML, Kuraray, J;SHOFU Disk ZR Lucent Supra, Shofu, J; priti multidisc ZrO Multi Translucent, Pritidenta, D; IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent, FL).

Extra-viral DNA in adeno-associated viral vector preparations induces TLR9-dependent innate immune responses in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector suspensions produced in either human derived HEK cells or in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells differ in terms of residual host cell components as well as species-specific post-translational modifications displayed on the AAV capsid proteins. Here we analysed the impact of these differences on the immunogenic properties of the vector. We stimulated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells with various lots of HEK cell-produced and Sf9 cell-produced AAV-CMV-eGFP vectors derived from different manufacturers.

Central retina plays a decisive role in the suppression of pupillary escape.

Purpose: To explore the pupil redilation during persistent light exposure (pupillary escape phenomenon) at the macula and periphery with monochromatic light stimuli.

Methods: Forty healthy subjects aged 18-64 years (24 females) were examined by chromatic pupil campimetry (CPC) using red and blue 4-s stimuli of 10° radius at the center and 20°-peripheral locations one per quadrant. One glaucoma patient and one achromatopsia patient served as disease models.

Survival dependence of 3D-printed temporary materials on the filler content.

Aim: The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the in vitro performance and fracture force of 3D-printed anterior implant-supported temporary partial dentures (TPDs) with different filler content.

Materials And Methods: Identical anterior resin-based TPDs (tooth sites 11 to 13; n = eight per material) were 3D printed from methacrylate resins with different filler content. A cartridge polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material was used as a reference.

Performance of the Deep Neural Network , Integrated with Open-Source Software for Ciliary Muscle Segmentation in Anterior Segment OCT Images, Is on Par with Experienced Examiners.

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), being non-invasive and well-tolerated, is the method of choice for an in vivo investigation of ciliary muscle morphology and function. The analysis requires the segmentation of the ciliary muscle, which is, when performed manually, both time-consuming and prone to examiner bias. Here, we present a convolutional neural network trained for the automatic segmentation of the ciliary muscle in AS-OCT images.

Cell-specific electrical stimulation of human retinal neurons assessed by pupillary response dynamics in vivo.

Studies on the electrical excitability of retinal neurons show that photoreceptors and other cell types can be selectively activated by distinct stimulation frequencies in vitro. Yet, this principle still needs to be validated in humans in vivo. As a first step, this study explored the frequency preferences of human rods by means of transcorneal electrostimulation (TES), using the electrically-elicited pupillary responses (EEPRs) as an objective readout.

Ground Reaction Forces and Center of Pressure within the Paws When Stepping over Obstacles in Dogs.

Walking over obstacles is a widely used physiotherapy exercise in dogs. Current research is limited to the effect of this exercise in kinematics and muscle activation in dogs. The present study assessed the influence of walking over obstacles on the ground reaction forces (GRFs) and center of pressure (COP) in dogs.

Novel Three-Dimensional and Biocompatible Lift-Off Method for Selective Metallization of a Scleral Contact Lens Electrode for Biopotential Detection.

Presbyopia describes the eye's physiological loss of the ability to see close objects clearly. The adaptation to different viewing distances, termed accommodation, is achieved by a change in the curvature of the eye lens induced by the ciliary muscle. A possible approach to correct presbyopia could be to detect the ciliary muscle's neuromuscular signals during accommodation and transfer these signals electronically to a biomimetic, micro-optical system to provide the necessary refractive power.

Inadequate Reporting of Complications in Randomized Controlled Trials Cited as Supporting Evidence Underpinning AAOS CPG Recommendations for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Application of the CONSORT Harms Checklist.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been shown to influence clinical decision-making and health policy. Therefore, it is essential that trial outcomes-including harms-are completely reported.

Methods: We included all RCTs cited as supporting evidence for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Surgical Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee, Osteoarthritis of the Knee, and Osteoarthritis of theHip Clinical Practice Guideline recommendations.

Central Visual Function and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in PDE6A-Associated Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) can be caused by mutations in the phosphodiesterase 6A (PDE6A) gene. Here, we describe the natural course of disease progression with respect to central retinal function (i.e.

Quantification of the Dynamic Visual Acuity Space at Real-World Luminances and Contrasts: The VA-CAL Test.

Purpose: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is assessed at a single standardized luminance with maximum optotype contrast, not reflecting the constantly changing daily-life viewing conditions. For a more realistic estimation of visual performance at varying object contrasts (Cs) and ambient luminances (ALs), we developed a new VA test, VA-CAL.

Methods: Landolt-C-rings between 18% and 95% Weber contrast, were presented at 1 m distance (8 Alternative Forced Choice) on a 5.