Dynamic changes in genomic and social structures in third millennium BCE central Europe.

Europe's prehistory oversaw dynamic and complex interactions of diverse societies, hitherto unexplored at detailed regional scales. Studying 271 human genomes dated ~4900 to 1600 BCE from the European heartland, Bohemia, we reveal unprecedented genetic changes and social processes. Major migrations preceded the arrival of "steppe" ancestry, and at ~2800 BCE, three genetically and culturally differentiated groups coexisted.

Facial skeleton asymmetry and its relationship to mastication in the Early Medieval period (Great Moravian Empire, Mikulčice, 9th-10th century).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship of mastication and directional asymmetry (DA) of upper facial skeleton in Early Medieval sample from the Mikulčice settlement (Czech Republic).

Design: The settlement is divided into two burial areas of presumably different socioeconomic status: the castle and the sub-castle. The material consisted of 193 individuals (125 castle, 68 sub-castle).

The prevalence and distribution of dental caries in four early medieval non-adult populations of different socioeconomic status from Central Europe.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to map the dental health status in non-adult individuals and to verify whether and how the existence of caries in the non-adult age group is associated with the different socio-economic status of early medieval populations.

Material And Methods: We studied the dental remains from the acropolis of the Mikulčice settlement agglomeration, where members of the higher social classes were buried, and from the Mikulčice hinterland. Overall, we evaluated 2544 teeth/3714 alveoli of deciduous dentition and 1938 teeth/2128 alveoli of permanent dentition.

[Evaluation of the dental pathology in archaeological skeletal material: prevalence of dental caries since prehistory to modern age].

The evaluation of the dental health of past populations is an important part of the anthropological analysis of human skeletal remains uncovered during the archaeological excavations. The results provide the important information not only of the overall health of past populations, but also are reflective of the nutrition or the social status of our ancestors. We focused on the comparison of dental caries from prehistoric times to the present day.

The health status of the early medieval population of Greater Moravia in relations to social and economic structures.

The Greater Moravian Empire (9th-10th century AD) was the first early state formation of the Slavonic populations in Central Europe. The focus of this research is the comparative assessment of the health status of three cemeteries of different socio-economic status in the area surrounding the Mikulcice castle. We have compared about 850 skeletons from (1) the castle cemetery and (2) non-castle cemeteries in Mikulcice and (3) a cemetery from the poor village of Josefov located eight kilometres from Mikulcice.

[Analysis of symptoms and case history data in the set of 353 patients with lung cancer].

Background: Lung cancer (LC) incidence in men in the Czech Republic has been declining since 1995, in women it grows up continually. To analyse the characteristics of recent set of patients (pts) and contribution of their symptoms for diagnostic, treatment and prognosis we carried on the retrospective study on patients from 1st Pulmonary department from 2004-2007.

Methods And Results: Men:women ratio in the set of 353 pts was 2:1.

[Treatment of lung carcinoma patients at the First Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases].

Lung carcinoma (BCA) represents the most frequent malignancy in men and the fourth most frequent one in women. In 2004, 5568 persons died from that disease. Study of the lung carcinoma has been the main research program of the First Department of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital since 1960.

[Incidence, diagnostics and therapy of the lung cancer in the Czech Republic in 2003].

Lung cancer epidemic has not ended. According to the data on the incidence and mortality in the Czech Republic it is obvious that both parameters decline in males; the rise in women probably ends. According to the present epidemiological parameters the number of new cases is still very high.

[Diagnostics and indications of surgical treatment of patients with lung carcinoma at the first clinic of TRN of the first faculty of medicine and the VFN Prague in years 2004 to 2005].

Background: Results of the diagnostics and indications of surgical treatment of patients with lung carcinoma (BCA) at the First clinic in years 2004 to 2005 were evaluated in a retrospective study.

Methods And Results: The cohort of 209 patients with the male to female ratio of 2 to 1 included 63 % of current smokers, 22 % of former smokers and 15 % of non-smokers. BCA was diagnosed in significantly earlier age in smokers in comparison to former smokers or non-smokers.

[Lung cancer operability--history and presence].

Review of contemporary publication on the operability of lung cancer in the Czech Republic and in other countries is presented. Since 1912, when 374 cases of lung cancer were described, the incidence has risen and culminated towards the end of the 20th century. From the available treatment modalities, surgery gives the best results.

Liver preneoplastic changes in mice treated with the herbicide fomesafen.

1. Effect of the diphenyl ether herbicide fomesafen on liver preneoplastic changes and porphyrin biosynthesis was examined in male C57BL/6J mice (0.23% in the diet for 14 months) and ICR mice (0.

Herbicide-induced experimental variegate porphyria in mice: tissue porphyrinogen accumulation and response to porphyrogenic drugs.

Administration of oxadiazon or oxyfluorfen (1000 ppm in the diet) to male BALB/c mice for 9 days resulted in experimental porphyria, resembling the acute phase of human variegate porphyria. Urinary concentrations of 5-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen reached 1500 and 3000 mumol/L, respectively. Both herbicides caused a decrease of protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity in liver and kidney.

Development of overjet and dentoskeletal relations in unilateral cleft lip and palate before and during puberty.

Roentgencephalometry was used for the assessment of the development of clinically important facial characteristics in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate during the prepubertal and pubertal period. Thirty-one patients aged 8 and 11 years and 30 patients aged 11 and 14 years were examined repeatedly. All of them were operated upon and orthodontically treated with the same methods.