Progressive Acceleration of Insulin Exposure Over 7 Days of Infusion Set Wear.

Insulin exposure varies over 3 days of insulin infusion set (IIS) wear making day-to-day insulin dosing challenging for people with diabetes (PWD). Here we report insulin pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) data extending these observations to 7 days of IIS wear. PWD (A1C ≤8.

Feasibility study of a prototype extended-wear insulin infusion set in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of a prototype insulin infusion set (IIS) for extended wear in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The prototype Capillary Biomedical investigational extended-wear IIS (CBX IIS) incorporates a soft, flexible, reinforced kink-resistant angled nylon-derivative cannula with one distal and three proximal ports to optimize insulin delivery. Twenty adult participants with type 1 diabetes established on insulin pump therapy used the CBX IIS for two 7-day test periods while wearing a Dexcom G5 continuous glucose monitor.

Effect of cranberry pomace on the physicochemical properties and inactivation of during the manufacture of dry fermented sausages.

The effect of cranberry pomace (CP) incorporation on serovars inactivation, starter culture population, and physicochemical properties of sausages during the manufacture of dry fermented sausages (DFS) was studied. Sausages containing a five-strain cocktail of serovars at 7-log CFU/g, with different levels of CP (control, 0%; low, 0.55%; medium, 1.

Use of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid to inhibit Salmonella and Listeria in raw meat for feline diets and palatability in domestic cats.

While the raw pet food market continues to grow, the risk of bacterial contamination in these types of diets is a major concern, with Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes being the most frequently associated pathogens in raw pet food product recalls. dl-Methionine is included in some commercial feline kibble and canned diets to improve protein quality; however, an alternative to this is a liquid methionine supplement, 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBa), which is also an organic acid. 2-Hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid has previously demonstrated similar efficacy to formic acid against pathogens in a liquid environment and may be a good candidate to inhibit S.

NEWTON-2 Cisternal (Nimodipine Microparticles to Enhance Recovery While Reducing Toxicity After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage): A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Safety Study of Intracisternal EG-1962 in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: A sustained release microparticle formulation of nimodipine (EG-1962) was developed for treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Objective: To assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intracisternal EG-1962 in an open-label, randomized, phase 2 study of up to 12 subjects.

Methods: Subjects were World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grades 1 to 2, modified Fisher grades 2 to 4, and underwent aneurysm clipping within 48 h of aSAH.

Effectiveness of V-Go for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in a Real-World Setting: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: V-Go is a wearable, patch-like, 24-h insulin delivery device that delivers both a continuous preset basal rate and on-demand bolus dosing. The aim of this study was to observe glycemic control, insulin dosing, and hypoglycemia risk in patients switched to V-Go in a real-world setting. The primary objective was to compare change in mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline to the end of V-Go use.

Nimodipine pharmacokinetics after intraventricular injection of sustained-release nimodipine for subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the concentration of nimodipine in CSF and plasma after intraventricular injection of a sustained-release formulation of nimodipine (EG-1962) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: Patients with SAH repaired by clip placement or coil embolization were randomized to EG-1962 or oral nimodipine. Patients were classified as grade 2-4 on the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grading scale for SAH and had an external ventricular drain inserted as part of their standard of care.

A Pragmatic Clinical Trial to Compare the Real-World Effectiveness of V-Go versus Standard Delivery of Insulin in Patients with Advanced Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not have adequate glycemic control, leading to poor patient outcomes and high healthcare costs.

Objective: This prospective pragmatic clinical trial evaluated V-Go, a wearable insulin delivery device, compared with standard treatment optimization (STO) among insulin-treated patients with T2DM in a real-world, community-based practice setting.

Methods: Study sites, rather than individual patients, were randomized to V-Go or STO via cluster randomization.

Genomic and Proteomic Analyses of Serovar Enteritidis Identifying Mechanisms of Induced Tolerance to Ceftiofur.

With the alarming proliferation of antibiotic resistance, it is important to understand the development of bacterial adaptation to antibiotics in formerly susceptible lineages, in the absence of external genetic input from existing resistance pools. A strain of ceftiofur susceptible serovar Enteritidis ABB07-SB3071 (MIC = 1.0 μg/ml) was successively exposed to sub-MIC of ceftiofur to allow its adaptation for tolerance to a concentration of 2.

Effects of Dapagliflozin on 24-Hour Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and measures of short-term glycemia do not fully capture daily patterns in plasma glucose dynamics. This study evaluated 24-h glycemic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiated on dapagliflozin treatment using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter parallel-design 4-week study compared dapagliflozin (10 mg/d; n = 50) with placebo (n = 50) in adult patients with T2D uncontrolled (HbA1c 7.

Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes by 24-Hour Fixed-Dose Coadministration of Pramlintide and Regular Human Insulin: A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study.

Objective: Healthy pancreatic β-cells secrete the hormones insulin and amylin in a fixed ratio. Both hormones are lacking in type 1 diabetes, and postprandial glucose control using insulin therapy alone is difficult. This study tested the pharmacodynamic effects of the amylin analog pramlintide and insulin delivered in a fixed ratio over a 24-h period.

Effects of High Pressure Processing and Hot Water Pasteurization of Cooked Sausages on Inactivation of Inoculated Listeria monocytogenes, Natural Populations of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and Coliforms and Their Recovery during Storage at 4 and 10°C.

The study investigated the effects of high pressure processing (HPP; 600 MPa for 3 min) and hot water (HW; 75°C for 15 min) pasteurization on the inactivation of inoculated Listeria monocytogenes, natural populations of lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and coliforms in vacuum-packaged cooked sausages and their recovery during storage at 4 and 10°C for 35 days. Cooking sausages to an internal temperature of 72°C resulted in a >6-log reduction in numbers of inoculated L.

Design and Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Low-Glucose Prediction Algorithm with Mini-Dose Stable Glucagon Delivery in Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia.

Background: Postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is a complication of bariatric surgery with limited therapeutic options. We developed an event-based system to predict and detect hypoglycemia based on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) data and recommend delivery of minidose liquid glucagon.

Methods: We performed an iterative development clinical study employing a novel glucagon delivery system: a Dexcom CGM connected to a Windows tablet running a hypoglycemia prediction algorithm and an Omnipod pump filled with an investigational stable liquid glucagon formulation.

Effect of caliber size and fat level on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in dry fermented sausages.

Dry fermented sausages (DFS) have been subject to numerous validation studies, as pathogen reduction heavily relies on both ingredients and processing. In this study the effect of product caliber size (32, 55, 80mm), and fat level (low, 9.67%; high, 18.

Comparison of the fate of the top six non-O157 shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and E. coli O157:H7 during the manufacture of dry fermented sausages.

The study examined the relative fate of the top six non-O157 shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and E. coli O157:H7 during the manufacture of dry fermented sausages (DFS). Three separate batches of sausages containing a five-strain cocktail for each serogroup and uninoculated control were manufactured and subjected to identical fermentation, maturation and dry curing conditions.

Characterization of antimicrobial properties of Salmonella phage Felix O1 and Listeria phage A511 embedded in xanthan coatings on Poly(lactic acid) films.

Beyond simply providing a barrier between food and external contaminants, active packaging technologies aim to inhibit pathogen survival and growth within the packaged environment. Bacteriophages have a proven track record as targeted antimicrobials but have yet to be successfully integrated in active packaging without serious loss of activity. We have developed two bacteriophage based xanthan coatings on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film which significantly inhibits Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes growth in culture (P < 0.

Exenatide once weekly improved 24-hour glucose control and reduced glycaemic variability in metformin-treated participants with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Aim: To assess the effects of once-weekly exenatide on 24-hour glucose control and variability.

Materials And Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized metformin-treated adults with type 2 diabetes to once-weekly exenatide 2.0 mg or placebo.

Examining the Effects of Sodium Ions on the Binding of Antagonists to Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptors.

Many G protein-coupled receptors have been shown to be sensitive to the presence of sodium ions (Na+). Using radioligand competition binding assays, we have examined and compared the effects of sodium ions on the binding affinities of a number of structurally diverse ligands at human dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 receptor subtypes, which are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of psychotic disorders. At both receptors, the binding affinities of the antagonists/inverse agonists SB-277011-A, L,741,626, GR 103691 and U 99194 were higher in the presence of sodium ions compared to those measured in the presence of the organic cation, N-methyl-D-glucamine, used to control for ionic strength.

Comparative Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study of Liquid Stable Glucagon Versus Lyophilized Glucagon in Type 1 Diabetes Subjects.

Background: There is currently no stable liquid form of glucagon commercially available. The aim of this study is to assess the speed of absorption and onset of action of G-Pump™ glucagon at 3 doses as compared to GlucaGen®, all delivered subcutaneously via an OmniPod®.

Methods: Nineteen adult subjects with type 1 diabetes participated in this Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, cross-over, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study.

Effect of salt types and concentrations on the high-pressure inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in ground chicken.

National and international health agencies have recommended a significant reduction in daily intake of sodium by reducing the amount of NaCl in foods, specifically processed meats. However, sodium reduction could increase the risk of survival and growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms on these products. Therefore, alternate processing technologies to improve safety of sodium reduced foods are necessary.

An endophytic fungus isolated from finger millet (Eleusine coracana) produces anti-fungal natural products.

Finger millet is an ancient African cereal crop, domesticated 7000 years ago in Ethiopia, reaching India at 3000 BC. Finger millet is reported to be resistant to various fungal pathogens including Fusarium sp. We hypothesized that finger millet may host beneficial endophytes (plant-colonizing microbes) that contribute to the antifungal activity.

NEWTON: Nimodipine Microparticles to Enhance Recovery While Reducing Toxicity After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. EG-1962 is a sustained-release microparticle formulation of nimodipine that has shown preclinical efficacy when administered intraventricularly or intracisternally to dogs with SAH, without evidence of toxicity at doses in the anticipated therapeutic range. Thus, we propose to administer EG-1962 to humans in order to assess safety and tolerability and determine a dose to investigate efficacy in subsequent clinical studies.

Efficacy and safety of ETC-1002, a novel investigational low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol-lowering therapy for the treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: 8-Hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid (ETC-1002) is a small molecule with a unique mechanism of action shown in nonclinical studies to modulate pathways of cholesterol, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. In previous phase 2 clinical trials, once daily oral treatment with ETC-1002 significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia. In this trial, the lipid-lowering efficacy of ETC-1002 was evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia.

CB(1) receptor allosteric modulators display both agonist and signaling pathway specificity.

We have previously identified allosteric modulators of the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor (Org 27569, PSNCBAM-1) that display a contradictory pharmacological profile: increasing the specific binding of the CB(1) receptor agonist [(3)H]CP55940 but producing a decrease in CB(1) receptor agonist efficacy. Here we investigated the effect one or both compounds in a broad range of signaling endpoints linked to CB(1) receptor activation. We assessed the effect of these compounds on CB(1) receptor agonist-induced [(35)S]GTPγS binding, inhibition, and stimulation of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and β-arrestin recruitment.

Bendigo CHS Men's Health Clinic - improving access to primary care.

This article forms part of our 'Access' series for 2012, profiling organisations that provide primary healthcare to groups who are disadvantaged or have difficulty accessing mainstream services. The aim of this series is to describe the area of need, the innovative strategies that have been developed by specific organisations to address this need, and make recommendations to help GPs improve access to disadvantaged populations in their own community.