Resident synovial macrophages in synovial fluid: Implications for immunoregulation.

Resident synovial macrophages (RSMs) are anti-inflammatory, self-renewing macrophages that provide physical immune sequestration of the joint space from the peripheral immune system. Increased permeability of this structure is associated with peripheral immune cells in the synovial fluid (SF). Direct measures of synovial barrier integrity are possible with tissue histology, but after barrier breakdown, if these cells perpetuate or initiate chronic inflammation in SF remains unknown.

Dispensed prescription medications and short-term risk of pulmonary embolism in Norway and Sweden.

Scandinavian electronic health-care registers provide a unique setting to investigate potential unidentified side effects of drugs. We analysed the association between prescription drugs dispensed in Norway and Sweden and the short-term risk of developing pulmonary embolism. A total of 12,104 pulmonary embolism cases were identified from patient- and cause-of-death registries in Norway (2004-2014) and 36,088 in Sweden (2005-2014).

Use of primary healthcare services before and after specialized rehabilitation and its relation to changes in health and functioning: a longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: To examine patients' use of primary healthcare (PHC) before and after specialized rehabilitation and its relation with self-reported health and functioning.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Participants: 451 rehabilitation patients.

Withdrawing versus Withholding Treatments in Medical Reimbursement Decisions: A Study on Public Attitudes.

Background: The use of policies in medical treatment reimbursement decisions, in which only future patients are affected, prompts a moral dilemma: is there an ethical difference between withdrawing and withholding treatment?

Design: Through a preregistered behavioral experiment involving 1,067 participants, we tested variations in public attitudes concerning withdrawing and withholding treatments at both the bedside and policy levels.

Results: In line with our first hypothesis, participants were more supportive of rationing decisions presented as withholding treatments compared with withdrawing treatments. Contrary to our second prestated hypothesis, participants were more supportive of decisions to withdraw treatment made at the bedside level compared with similar decisions made at the policy level.

Learning evidence-based practice by writing the bachelor's thesis - A prospective cohort study in undergraduate nursing education.

Background: Evidence-based practice has been the desirable healthcare standard for decades. To ensure evidence-based healthcare in the future, nursing education curricula must include strategies for teaching evidence-based practice to nursing students. Learning outcomes about evidence-based practice might be incorporated into courses like the bachelor's thesis.

Insomnia symptoms and risk for atrial fibrillation - The HUNT study.

Studies on the effect of insomnia on atrial fibrillation risk in the general population are limited, therefore we investigated the association between insomnia and the risk of atrial fibrillation in a large-scale population-based study with valid atrial fibrillation measure. A total of 33,983 participants (55% women) reported their insomnia symptoms in the third wave of the HUNT study (between 2006 and 2008) in Norway, and they were followed for their first atrial fibrillation diagnosis until 2020 using hospital registers. Atrial fibrillation diagnoses were validated by physicians based on medical records and electrocardiograms.

Health-promoting behaviors in older adulthood and intrinsic capacity 10 years later: the HUNT study.

Background: With the global population growing older, there is a need for more knowledge of how to improve and/or maintain functional capacities to promote healthy ageing. In this study we aimed to assess the effect of several known health-promoting behaviors in old age with intrinsic capacity ten years later.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study looking at participants that were ≥ 65 years at the time of the third wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3, 2006-2008) who also took part in the 70 + sub-study of the fourth wave (HUNT4 70+, 2017-2019).

Nursing Students' Experiences on Psychosocial Learning Environment, Personal and Social Challenges and Communication in Periods of Social Isolation: A Qualitative Study.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the global COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and the Norwegian government declared lockdown to stop the virus from spreading. In Norway, universities were immediately closed, and all teaching and learning were done digitally for the rest of the spring semester 2020. Our aim was to explore nursing students experience with studying and learning, as well as the psychological consequences it may incur during a period of social isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown.

Loneliness in the Norwegian adolescent population: prevalence trends and relations to mental and self-rated health.

Background: Loneliness has become a significant public health problem and should be addressed with more research over a broader period. This study investigates the variations in the prevalence of loneliness among a nationally representative study population of Norwegian adolescents over the last three decades and whether age, gender, self-rated health, and mental distress are associated with these changes.

Methods: Adolescents aged 13-19 years completed the structured and validated questionnaires from the three waves of the Young-HUNT Study: 1995-1997, 2006-2008, and 2017-2019.

Resident Synovial Macrophages in Synovial Fluid: Implications for Immunoregulation in Infectious and Inflammatory Arthritis.

Objectives: Resident synovial macrophages (RSM) provide immune sequestration of the joint space and are likely involved in initiation and perpetuation of the joint-specific immune response. We sought to identify RSM in synovial fluid (SF) and demonstrate migratory ability, in additional to functional changes that may perpetuate a chronic inflammatory response within joint spaces.

Methods: We recruited human patients presenting with undifferentiated arthritis in multiple clinical settings.

Effect of sense of coherence on long-term work participation among rehabilitation patients: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To investigate the causal effect of sense of coherence on long-term work participation after rehabilitation, including stratification by age and diagnoses.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Participants: Patients aged ≤ 60 years, employed and accepted for somatic interprofessional rehabilitation in 2015 (n = 192).

Investigating the causal interplay between sleep traits and risk of acute myocardial infarction: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Few studies have investigated the joint effects of sleep traits on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). No previous study has used factorial Mendelian randomization (MR) which may reduce confounding, reverse causation, and measurement error. Thus, it is prudent to study joint effects using robust methods to propose sleep-targeted interventions which lower the risk of AMI.

Lifelong differences in cancer incidence and mortality between subgroups of similar socioeconomic status in the Royal Norwegian Navy.

Objectives: In a previous cohort study of 28 300 Navy servicemen, vessel crews showed higher cancer incidence and mortality than did land-based personnel. We have extended the follow-up to look for changes in cancer risk, and to explore temporal trends in cancer incidence and cancer mortality during more than six decades of follow-up.

Methods: Cancer incidence and total cancer mortality were compared with the general population by calculating standardised ratios (standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), standardised mortality ratios) for the entire follow-up, with temporal trends through seven consecutive 10-year time spans from individual entry to follow-up.

Specialty drug coverage varies between health plans' medical and pharmacy benefit policies.

In an effort to control drug spending, health plans are increasingly shifting specialty drugs from their medical benefit to the pharmacy benefit. One consequence of this trend is that some health plans have both a medical and a pharmacy coverage policy for the same drug. To examine how frequently health plans issue medical and pharmacy benefit policies for the same specialty drug and to evaluate the concordance between plans' medical and pharmacy policies when plans issue both policy types.

Self-reported insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, chronotype and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI): a prospective study in the UK Biobank and the HUNT Study.

Insomnia and short/long sleep duration increase the risk of AMI, but their interaction with each other or with chronotype is not well known. We investigated the prospective joint associations of any two of these sleep traits on risk of AMI. We included 302 456 and 31 091 participants without past AMI episodes from UK Biobank (UKBB; 2006-10) and the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2; 1995-97), respectively.

Public Attitudes Toward Priority Setting Principles in Health Care During COVID-19.

What role should cost-effectiveness play in health care priority setting? We assess the level of acceptance toward different priority setting principles in health care during COVID-19 and in general, thereby exploring public support for principles presented at different levels of abstraction. An online survey was distributed to a diverse sample of the Swedish population ( = 1 553). The results show that respondents were generally more supportive of priority setting principles when expressed in general abstract terms than when expressed in more case specific concrete terms.

Body Mass Index Measured Repeatedly over 42 Years as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke: The HUNT Study.

Background: Higher BMI in middle age is associated with ischemic stroke, but little is known about BMI over adulthood, and the risk for ischemic stroke as most studies relied on a single measurement of BMI.

Methods: BMI was measured four times over a period of 42 years. We calculated average BMI values and group-based trajectory models and related these to the prospective risk of ischemic stroke after the last examination in Cox models with a follow-up time of 12 years.

Long-Term Change and Predictors of Change in Physical and Mental Function after Rehabilitation: A Multi-Centre Study.

Objective: To investigate changes and predictors of change in physical and mental function over a 3-year period after rehabilitation.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Participants: Patients, across diseases, living in western Norway, accepted for somatic specialized interprofessional rehabilitation (n = 984).

Imaginal disk growth factors are Drosophila chitinase-like proteins with roles in morphogenesis and CO2 response.

Chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) are members of the family 18 glycosyl hydrolases, which include chitinases and the enzymatically inactive CLPs. A mutation in the enzyme's catalytic site, conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates, allowed CLPs to evolve independently with functions that do not require chitinase activity. CLPs normally function during inflammatory responses, wound healing, and host defense, but when they persist at excessive levels at sites of chronic inflammation and in tissue-remodeling disorders, they correlate positively with disease progression and poor prognosis.

Health inequities in human papillomavirus prevention, diagnostics and clinical care in the USA: a scoping review.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most common STI in the USA. HPV inequities in prevention, diagnostics and clinical care persist. We define inequities as systematic, avoidable and unfair differences in health outcomes.

Multi-isotope variation reveals social complexity in Viking Age Norway.

Multi-isotope studies from human remains from Viking Age graves throughout Norway allow for a deeper understanding of mobility, livelihood, and social organization during the Viking Age (750-1050 CE). Based on a framework of radiocarbon dates (C), the studied inhumation graves are distributed across a broad chronological and geographical scope, covering the Late Iron and Viking Age (c. 500-1050 CE).

A new partial loss of function allele of .

RAD-54.L is required for the repair of meiotic double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), playing an essential role in promoting removal of recombinase RAD-51 and normal completion of meiotic recombination. Failure to complete meiotic DSB repair leads to 100% lethality of embryos produced by null mutant mothers.

Withdrawing or withholding treatments in health care rationing: an interview study on ethical views and implications.

Background: When rationing health care, a commonly held view among ethicists is that there is no ethical difference between withdrawing or withholding medical treatments. In reality, this view does not generally seem to be supported by practicians nor in legislation practices, by for example adding a 'grandfather clause' when rejecting a new treatment for lacking cost-effectiveness. Due to this discrepancy, our objective was to explore physicians' and patient organization representatives' experiences- and perceptions of withdrawing and withholding treatments in rationing situations of relative scarcity.

Community living after in-hospital specialized rehabilitation in patients with severe disability after stroke: a long-term follow-up after a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Physical functioning after discharge from specialized rehabilitation is a concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate functioning and health after a long period of community living in participants with severe disability after stroke.

Materials And Methods: An observational, longitudinal follow-up design was used to investigate 60 participants from a randomized controlled trial.