[Clinicomicrobiological characteristics of community-acquired infections of the urinary tracts in Moscow].

The structure and sensitivity of the agents of community-aquired urinary infections (CUI) in Moscow were studied in a prospective clinicomicrobiological trial carried out in 2005 with participation of 8 Moscow outpatient clinics. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial drugs was estimated using agar dilution test according to NCCLS recommendations (2000-2002). Acute and chronic cystitis, chronic pyelonephritis and acute pyelonephritis were most frequent CUI (49.

[Resistance of causative agents of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Russia].

A prospective epidemiological study of the spectrum of causative agents (CA) of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) in adult patients and CA resistance to antimicrobial drugs was conducted in nine cities of the Russian Federation in 2004-2005. Minimum inhibiting concentrations were ascertained by dilution in agar according to NCCLS (2000-2002) recommendations. The study has found that uncomplicated UTI are most frequently caused by E.

[Efficacy of ciprofloxacine antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious complications after TUR of the prostate].

We compared efficacy of preoperative prophylactic antibiotic treatment (PPAT) with cyprofloxacine used orally (0.5 g), intravenously (0.4 g) and routine antibiotics in TUR of the prostate.

[Antibacterial therapy of acute sinusitis in outpatient practice: results of a multicenter trial].

Now there is no generally accepted practice of antibacterial therapy of acute sinusitis in outpatient clinics of Russia. Choice of antibacterial drugs is often made without consideration of the most probable causative agents of the infection. Out-of-date antibiotics used in many cases do not satisfy modern requirements.

[Antibacterial therapy of complicated urinary infections in outpatients].

The term complicated urinary infections (CUIs) includes infections developing in the presence of anatomic anomalies, metabolic or hormonal disorders, immunodeficiency or infection with atypical microorganisms. Complicating factors diminish efficiency of antibiotic treatment, raise probability of recurrence. CUIs account for 45.

[Pharmacotherapy of acute tonsillitis-pharyngitis in ambulatory practice: results of a multicenter pharmaco-epidemiological study].

Aim: To analyse current practice of pharmacotherapy (PT) in outpatient treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis (ATP) in different regions of Russia.

Material And Methods: Case reports for 1333 outpatients (493 male and 840 female, age 16-76 years) with ATP from 7 cities of Russia have been studied. Each ATP case was documented on a special chart to contain the following information: demographic data, history of the disease, bacteriological findings, PT regimens, complications, treatment outcomes.

[Microbiological characteristics and clinical efficacy of phosphomycin].

E. coli is the most frequent agent causing urinary infection (UI) both in adults and children. E.

[Analysis of parameters of the antibacterial treatment of acute otitis media in adults: results of a multicenter study].

The programme was aimed at audit of the parameters of antibacterial therapy for acute otitis media in adult outpatients in 8 cities of Russia (Smolensk, Volgograd, Ekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen, Ryazan, Vladivostok). The information sources were the case records. The data from the records were structurally fixed in specially designed individual registration charts for further computer processing.

[Resistance of ambulatory urinary infection pathogens according to the data of multicenter microbiological studies UTIAP-I and UTIAP-II].

Aim: To study causative agents and sensitivity of E-coli strains isolated from adult outpatients with uncomplicated urinary infection (UI) in different regions of Russia.

Material And Methods: A multicenter prospective epidemiological study included adult patients with uncomplicated infections of the upper or lower urinary tracts. MPK of antibiotics was established by dilution in agar according to NCCLS recommendations, 2000-2002.

[Comparative clinical efficacy and tolerance of cefuroxime axetil (zinnat) and ceftibuten (cedex) in patients with acute sinusitis].

The aim of the study was to substantiate clinically and microbiologically administration of such oral cephalosporins as cefuroxime axetil and ceftibuten in acute sinusitis. The spectrum of causative agents of acute sinusitis was determined, most common pathogens were identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics was tested. The conclusion is made that cephalosporins of the II-III generation meet the requirements to antibacterial drugs for treatment of acute sinusitis.

[Practical approaches of antibiotics choice in uncomplicated urinary tract infections].

Infections of the urinary tract (IUT) belong to the most prevalent infectious diseases. Acute cystitis is the most frequent symptom of uncomplicated IUT. The main agents of IUT are gram-negative enterobacteria, mainly Escherichia coli (80%).

[Aspects of nasopharyngeal microflora and middle ear function in children].

Exudative otitis media (EOM) was detected in 13 (14.8%) children out of 88 preschool children at audiological investigation. In their nasopharynx, these children carried pneumococci and hemophylic bacilli.

[Antibacterial drug resistance of gram-negative agents causing urinary infections in female outpatients in Russia: results of multicenter study].

Aim: To investigate the spectrum of gram-negative agents causing acute and recurrent cystitis in outpatients and sensitivity of uropathogenic E. coli to antibacterial drugs; to compare drug resistance of uropathogenic E. coli isolated in Russia and other countries.

[The results of a multicenter study of the comparative activity of cefepime and other antibiotics against the causative agents of severe hospital infections (the Micromax program)].

A multicentre trial was performed on the activity of cefepime in comparison with ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and ciprofloxacin against severe hospital infection pathogens in intensive care units. The isolates of Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. from the majority of the centres were highly susceptible to the antibiotics (90 to 100 per cent of the isolates).

[Pefloxacin mesylate--clinical effectiveness in various forms of infectious-inflammatory diseases].

Pefloxacin mesylate is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone active against pathogens with multiple resistance. Due to its high therapeutic efficacy (at last 90 per cent) and good tolerance pefloxacin mesylate is considered as the most promising drug in the therapy of severe infections and infections difficult for the treatment such as wound infection, meningitis and particularly perilous infections. Prolonged pharmacokinetics and high bioavailability of the drug provided its administration in the treatment of in- and outpatients with severe infection twice a day in a daily dose of 0.

[Correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters of rifampicin and its biologically active metabolite as related to estimation of the relative bioavailability of the antibiotic].

In the bioavailability studies with drugs biotransformed to biologically active metabolities only the concentrations of the parent drug (PD) are usually taken into account even when the pharmacokinetic data on the metabolite(s) (M) are available. However, such data may be useful as an alternative source for the bioavailability determination. Moreover, the clinical outcomes often depend on both the PD and M concentrations.

[Comparison of the results of determining antibiotic sensitivity on AGV medium and on Mueller-Hinton and isosensitest agars].

To evaluate the adequacy of AGV agar for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the susceptibility of a range of bacteria to 10 antimicrobials on AGV, Mueller-Hinton and isoSensitest agars, all supplemented with 5 per cent lyzed horse blood was determined. Disc tests were used. In general, AGV agar gave identical susceptibility results to Mueller-Hinton and isoSensitest agars for common gram positive and gram negative bacteria with most of the tested microbials excluding sulphonamides and trimethoprim.

[Sulacillin (a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam)--a new combined drug form for treatment of bacterial infections].

The results of the cooperated clinical trial of sulacillin, a formulation including sodium ampicillin and sulbactam (2:1), are presented. The trial was carried out in different hospitals of Moscow and Smolensk. Rapid development of the favourable time course and recovery were stated in 93.