Stigmatising Attitudes Towards Mental Health Conditions Among Medical Students In Five South-Eastern European Countries.

Introduction: Stigmatising attitudes towards mentally ill people are present among healthcare professionals. The aim of the study was to evaluate medical students' attitudes in five medical schools from Albania, Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania and Serbia and to determine if psychiatry clerkship improves these attitudes.

Methods: In the first stage, the study included students from the first and final years of medical school; in the second stage, only final-year students were included; The Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitude Scale (MICA-2) and the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-9) were used in this study.

Impact of Cognitive Disturbances and Clinical Symptoms on Disability in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia: A Study of a Bulgarian Clinical Sample.

Unlabelled: The study aimed to assess the impact of clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment on disability in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (PS).

Methods: 108 patients with schizophrenia were included (66 male and 42 female). Their average age was 38.

seropositivity and cognitive function in adults with schizophrenia.

Introduction And Methods: Based on the limited research focusing on the severity of cognitive deterioration in schizophrenia with preceding toxoplasmosis, we sampled 89 demographically matched paranoid schizophrenia patients (mean age 38.97 years) with (n = 42) and without (n = 47) seroprevalence of IgG type anti antibodies as marker of past infection. They underwent examination of verbal memory (10 words Luria test), logical memory and visual memory (BVRT), processing speed (TMT-A/DSST) and executive functions (TMT-B/verbal fluency).

CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 Genotypes and Metabolizer Status Distribution in a Bulgarian Psychiatric Cohort.

CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 are enzymes of essential significance for the pharmacokinetics of a multitude of commonly used antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiemetics, β-blockers, opioids, antiestrogen, antacids, etc. Polymorphisms in the respective genes are well established as resulting in functional differences, which in turn can impact safety and efficacy. Importantly, the prevalence of genetic and variability differs drastically between populations.

Genetic Basis of Dual Diagnosis: A Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Focusing on Patients with Mood or Anxiety Disorders and Co-Occurring Alcohol-Use Disorders.

(1) Background: Comorbidity between Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD), mood, and anxiety disorders represents a significant health burden, yet its neurobiological underpinnings are elusive. The current paper reviews all genome-wide association studies conducted in the past ten years, sampling patients with AUD and co-occurring mood or anxiety disorder(s). (2) Methods: In keeping with PRISMA guidelines, we searched EMBASE, Medline/PUBMED, and PsycINFO databases (January 2010 to December 2020), including references of enrolled studies.

A Clinical Case of Patient Carrying Rare Pathological PSEN1 Gene Mutation (L424V) Demonstrates the Phenotypic Heterogenity of Early Onset Familial AD.

Dementia comprises several neurodegenerative disorders with similar neuropsychiatric features and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common of them. Genetic factors are strongly implicated into its etiology especially for early-onset cases (EOAD) occuring before the age of 65. About 10% of these are inherited in autosomal dominant fashion pathogenic polymorphisms in three genes- APP, PSEN-1, and PSEN-2.

Neuroimaging Studies in Patients With Mental Disorder and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorder: Summary of Findings.

More than half of psychiatric patients have comorbid substance use disorder (dual diagnosis) and this rate, confirmed by many epidemiological studies, is substantially higher compared to general population. Combined operation of self-medication mechanisms, common etiological factors, and mutually causative influences most likely accounts for comorbidity, which, despite its clinical prevalence, remains underrepresented in psychiatric research, especially in terms of neuroimaging. The current paper attempts to review and discuss all existing methodologically sustainable structural and functional neuroimaging studies in comorbid subjects published in the last 20 years.

Interaction of solitons with bond defects in discrete nonlinear Schrödinger chains.

The interaction of solitons with bond defects in discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) chains is investigated. A perturbed NLS equation is derived on the basis of a microscopic model. Localized soliton-defect solutions are obtained and their stability is analyzed.

Interaction of solitons with segments with modified dispersion.

The interaction of nonlinear Schrödinger solitons with extended inhomogeneities with modified group-velocity (GV) and group-velocity dispersion (GVD) coefficients is investigated numerically. Increased GVD coefficients act as potential barriers and yield reflection or transmission of the incoming soliton. Decreased GVD coefficients act as potential wells, and for a given range of parameters the scattering results exhibit periodically repeating windows of trapping and transmission as a function of the length of the segment.

Interaction of solitons with extended nonlinear defects.

The interaction of nonlinear Schrödinger solitons with extended inhomogeneities with modified nonlinear coefficients is investigated numerically. Decreased nonlinear coefficients act as nonlinear potential steps and yield transmission or reflection of the incoming soliton. For increased nonlinear coefficients (nonlinear potential wells) and a given range of initial velocities and nonlinearity mismatch, the scattering pattern exhibits periodically repeating regions of trapping and transmission as a function of the length of the inhomogeneity.

Resonant scattering of nonlinear Schrödinger solitons from potential wells.

The interaction of nonlinear Schrödinger solitons with extended inhomogeneities, modeled by potential wells with different shapes, is investigated numerically. For fixed initial velocities below the transmission threshold, the scattering pattern as a function of the width of the well exhibits periodically repeating regions of trapping, transmission, and reflection. The observed effects are associated with excitation and a following resonant deexcitation (in the cases of escape) of shape oscillations of the solitons at the well boundaries.

Safety investigation of team performance in accidents.

The paper presents the capacities of the performance evaluation of teamwork (PET) method. Its practicability and efficiency are illustrated by retrospective human reliability analyse of the famous nuclear and maritime accidents. A quantitative assessment of operators' performance on the base of thermo-hydraulic (T/H) calculations and full-scope simulator data for set of NPP design basic accidents with WWER is demonstrated.