The HARDSHIP databases: a forthcoming free good from the Global Campaign against Headache.

In order to pursue its purpose of reducing the global burden of headache, the Global Campaign against Headache has gathered data on headache-attributed burden from countries worldwide. These data, from the individual participants in adult population-based studies and child and adolescent schools-based studies, are being collated in two databases, which will be powerful resources for research and teaching and rich information sources for health policy.Here we briefly describe the structure and content of these databases, and announce the intention to make them available in due course as a free good.

Insufficient sleep may alter cortical excitability near the migraine attack: A blinded TMS crossover study.

Background: Migraine is a brain disorder with a multifaceted and unexplained association to sleep. Brain excitability likely changes periodically throughout the migraine cycle. In this study we examine the effect of insufficient sleep on neuronal excitability during the course of the migraine cycle.

Global epidemiology of migraine and its implications for public health and health policy.

Migraine is one of more than 200 headache disorders but stands out among these as a major cause of population ill health. In migraine epidemiology, the key variable is prevalence, but, from the perspective of public health, prevalence is uninformative without burden estimates. Here, we discuss how migraine epidemiology, from a quite recent start, has evolved into the respectable though imperfect science of today, but with the legacy that much of the large corpus of older literature is of questionable reliability.

Continuous positive airway pressure in cluster headache: A randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind, crossover study.

Background: Oxygen inhalation aborts cluster headache attacks, and case reports show the effect of continuous positive airway pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic effect of continuous positive airway pressure in chronic cluster headache.

Methods: This was a randomized placebo-controlled triple-blind crossover study using active and sham continuous positive airway pressure treatment for chronic cluster headache.

The Global Campaign turns 18: a brief review of its activities and achievements.

The Global Campaign against Headache, as a collaborative activity with the World Health Organization (WHO), was formally launched in Copenhagen in March 2004. In the month it turns 18, we review its activities and achievements, from initial determination of its strategic objectives, through partnerships and project management, knowledge acquisition and awareness generation, to evidence-based proposals for change justified by cost-effectiveness analysis.

FollowTheSutures: Piloting a new way to administer onabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine.

Background: Anatomical and experimental data indicate that onabotulinimtoxin A could be more efficient and cost-effective for treating chronic migraine with injections targeting the cranial sutures, where collaterals from the meninges penetrate the skull.

Methods: A new injection paradigm (FollowTheSutures) was tested for safety, tolerability and feasibility in a Phase II, open-label, non-controlled, single-center pilot study. Ninety units of onabotulinimtoxin A (Botox®), were injected in 18 sites over the area of the cranial sutures.

Pain thresholds and suprathreshold pain after sleep restriction in migraine - A blinded crossover study.

Objective: There is an unexplained association between disturbed sleep and migraine. In this blinded crossover study, we investigate if experimental sleep restriction has a different effect on pain thresholds and suprathreshold pain in interictal migraineurs and controls.

Methods: Forearm heat pain thresholds and tolerance thresholds, and trapezius pressure pain thresholds and suprathreshold pain were measured in 39 interictal migraineurs and 31 healthy controls after two consecutive nights of partial sleep restriction and after habitual sleep.

OnabotulinumtoxinA injection towards the SPG for treating symptoms of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a pilot study.

Background And Objective: The main objective of this prospective, open, uncontrolled pilot study was to investigate the safety of administering onabotulinumtoxinA (BTA) towards the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) in 10 patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) using a novel injection tool, the MultiGuide.

Material And Methods: A one-month baseline period was followed by bilateral injections of 25 U BTA in the SPG and a follow-up of 12 weeks. The primary outcome was adverse events (AE), and the main efficacy outcome was a 50% reduction in visual analogue scale (VAS) symptoms for nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea in months 2 and 3 post-treatment compared to baseline.

Structured headache services as the solution to the ill-health burden of headache: 1. Rationale and description.

In countries where headache services exist at all, their focus is usually on specialist (tertiary) care. This is clinically and economically inappropriate: most headache disorders can effectively and more efficiently (and at lower cost) be treated in educationally supported primary care. At the same time, compartmentalizing divisions between primary, secondary and tertiary care in many health-care systems create multiple inefficiencies, confronting patients attempting to navigate these levels (the "patient journey") with perplexing obstacles.

Burden of Neurological Disorders Across the US From 1990-2017: A Global Burden of Disease Study.

Importance: Accurate and up-to-date estimates on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (burden) of neurological disorders are the backbone of evidence-based health care planning and resource allocation for these disorders. It appears that no such estimates have been reported at the state level for the US.

Objective: To present burden estimates of major neurological disorders in the US states by age and sex from 1990 to 2017.

High sensitivity C-reactive protein and risk of migraine in a 11-year follow-up with data from the Nord-Trøndelag health surveys 2006-2008 and 2017-2019.

Background: Several previous studies have reported a cross-sectional association between elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and migraine. The aim of this population-based follow-up study was to investigate the influence of hs-CRP at baseline on the risk of developing migraine 11 years later.

Methods: Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study performed in 2006-2008 (baseline) and 2017-2019 were used.

Time trends of major headache diagnoses and predictive factors. Data from three Nord-Trøndelag health surveys.

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to investigate time trends of major headache diagnoses using cross-sectional data from two population-based health surveys. In addition, we aimed to perform a longitudinal assessment of baseline characteristics and subsequent risk for having headache at 22-years' follow-up among those participating in three health surveys.

Methods: Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) performed in 1995-1997 (HUNT2), 2006-2008 (HUNT3) and 2017-2019 (HUNT4) were used.

The crossover design for migraine preventives: an analyses of four randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Aims: To evaluate the crossover design in migraine preventive treatment trials by assessing dropout rate, and potential period and carryover effect in four placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: In order to increase statistical power, the study combined data from four different RCTs performed from 1998 to 2015 at St. Olavs Hospital, Norway.

Diffusion tensor imaging in middle-aged headache sufferers in the general population: a cross-sectional population-based imaging study in the Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT-MRI).

Background: Several studies have investigated white matter with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in those suffering from headache, but so far only in clinic based samples and with conflicting results.

Methods: In the present study, 1006 individuals (50-66 years) from the general population (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study) participated in an imaging study of the head at 1.5 T (HUNT-MRI).

The burden of headache disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2016: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2016.

Objectives: Using the findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), we report the burden of primary headache disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from 1990 to 2016.

Methods: We modelled headache disorders using DisMod-MR 2.1 Bayesian meta-regression tool to ensure consistency between prevalence, incidence, and remission.

Cerebral cortical dimensions in headache sufferers aged 50 to 66 years: a population-based imaging study in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT-MRI).

Based on previous clinic-based magnetic resonance imaging studies showing regional differences in the cerebral cortex between those with and without headache, we hypothesized that headache sufferers have a decrease in volume, thickness, or surface area in the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and insula. In addition, exploratory analyses on volume, thickness, and surface area across the cerebral cortical mantle were performed. A total of 1006 participants (aged 50-66 years) from the general population were selected to an imaging study of the head at 1.

The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study shows increased prevalence of primary recurrent headaches among adolescents over a four-year period.

Objective Earlier epidemiological studies have shown that headaches are frequent among adolescents, especially girls. In particular, recurrent primary headache disorders such as migraine and tension-type headaches are common complaints in this age group. Headaches are increasingly being recognized as a significant health problem in adolescents and can lead to significant disabilities by affecting their lives, their school performance and their social lives.