Morphological . molecular identification of trematode species infecting the edible cockle across Europe.

Identifying marine trematode parasites in host tissue can be complicated when there is limited morphological differentiation between species infecting the same host species. This poses a challenge for regular surveys of the parasite communities in species of socio-economic and ecological importance. Our study focused on identifying digenean trematode species infecting the marine bivalve across Europe by comparing morphological and molecular species identification methods.

Deletion of NuRD component in nephron progenitor cells causes developmentally programmed FSGS.

Low nephron endowment at birth is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of this condition is increasing due to higher survival rates of preterm infants and children with multi- organ birth defect syndromes that affect the kidney and urinary tract. We created a mouse model of congenital low nephron number due to deletion of in nephron progenitor cells.

A legal mapping of 48 WHO member states' inclusion of public health emergency of international concern, pandemic, and health emergency terminology within national emergency legislation in responding to health emergencies.

WHO has determined a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) seven times, and beyond this nomenclature declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. Under the International Health Regulations (IHR), and through their operationalisation in the joint external evaluation (JEE), governments are urged to create suitable legislation to be able to enact a response to a public health emergency. Whether the pandemic declaration had a greater effect than a PHEIC in encouraging goverments to act, however, remains conjecture, as there is no systemic analysis of what each term means in practice and whether either has meaningful legal implications at the national level.

Founder Variants and Thyroid Cancer Risk.

Germline pathogenic variants in are associated with a moderate increase in the lifetime risk for breast cancer. Increased risk for other cancers, including non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC), has also been suggested. To date, data implicating variants in NMTC predisposition primarily derive from studies within Poland, driven by a splice site variant (c.

The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney.

There is a need to define regions of gene activation or repression that control human kidney cells in states of health, injury, and repair to understand the molecular pathogenesis of kidney disease and design therapeutic strategies. Comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features that define regulatory elements remains a significant challenge. We measure dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape and gene regulation of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury states.

Purulent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Challenging the Practice of Incision and Drainage: A Scoping Review.

Aim: To generate a landscape of the current knowledge in the interventional management and outcomes of purulent skin and soft tissue infections.

Design: This study is a scoping review.

Methods: Electronic searches were undertaken using CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Library, British Nursing Index, Science Direct, the National Health Service knowledge and library hub, ClinicalTrials.

Clinically significant germline pathogenic variants are missed by tumor genomic sequencing.

A germline pathogenic variant may be present even if the results of tumor genomic sequencing do not suggest one. There are key differences in the assay design and reporting of variants between germline and somatic laboratories. When appropriate, both tests should be completed to aid in therapy decisions and determining optimal screening and risk-reduction interventions.

Aligning Germline Cancer Predisposition With Tumor-Based Next-Generation Sequencing for Modern Oncology Diagnosis, Interception, and Therapeutic Development.

In the era of precision medicine, genomic interrogation for identification of both germline and somatic genetic alterations has become increasingly important. While such germline testing was usually undertaken via a phenotype-driven single-gene approach, with the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, the widespread utilization of multigene panels, often agnostic of cancer phenotype, has become a commonplace in many different cancer types. At the same time, somatic tumor testing in oncology performed for the purpose of guiding therapeutic decisions for targeted therapies has also rapidly expanded, recently starting to incorporate not just patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer but even patients with early-stage disease.

"It Made Me Not Want to See him…": The Role of Patient-Provider Communication in Influencing Rural-Dwelling Women Veterans' Motivation to Seek Health Care for Managing Chronic Pain.

Despite being high health care utilizers, many women Veterans perceive their pain condition to be poorly understood by their providers, which can be a strong demotivator for seeking care. We set out to understand the priorities rural-dwelling women Veterans have for using health care for their chronic pain, and interviewed participants about their experiences with (and priorities for seeking) health care for their chronic pain. Self-Determination Theory identifies three sources of motivation (autonomy, competence, relatedness), all of which were represented through two themes that reflect rural women Veterans' rationale for decision-making to obtain health care for chronic pain: role of trust and competing priorities.

Inertia of parasite infection versus host biomass fluctuation.

Infection by parasites with complex life cycles such as trematodes depends on many environmental factors which may result in a time-lag between host biomass fluctuations and parasite density in hosts. A cockle (marine bivalve, second intermediate host) population and its associated parasite community were monitored over 15 years. A time-shift correlation analysis suggests that trematode abundance in cockles responds to cockle biomass after a long delay (8 year time-lag).

Military Veterans' Perspectives on Postoperative Opioid Use: A Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data.

Purpose: This qualitative analysis of interviews with surgical patients who received a brief perioperative psychological intervention, in conjunction with standard medical perioperative care, elucidates patient perspectives on the use of pain self-management skills in relation to postoperative analgesics.

Design: This study is a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Participants (N = 21) were rural-dwelling United States Military Veterans from a mixed surgical sample who were randomized to receive a manual-based, telephone-based Perioperative Pain Self-management intervention consisting of a total of four pre- and postoperative contacts.

Increased Risk for Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma after Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Brachytherapy.

Background: The suitability criteria for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) from the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), and The Groupe Européende Curiethérapie European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) have significant differences.

Materials And Methods: This is a single institution retrospective review of 946 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent lumpectomy and APBI intracavitary brachytherapy from 2003 to 2018. Overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) were estimated with Kaplan-Meier method.

Identification of germline cancer predisposition variants during clinical ctDNA testing.

Next-generation sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a non-invasive method to guide therapy selection for cancer patients. ctDNA variant allele frequency (VAF) is commonly reported and may aid in discerning whether a variant is germline or somatic. We report on the fidelity of VAF in ctDNA as a predictor for germline variant carriage.

Management of ductal carcinoma in situ with accelerated partial breast irradiation brachytherapy: Implications for guideline expansion.

Purpose: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is controversial, and the suitability criteria from the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS), American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO), and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) have important differences.

Methods And Materials: This is a single-institution retrospective review of 169 consecutive patients with DCIS who underwent lumpectomy followed by APBI intracavitary brachytherapy from 2003 to 2018. Outcomes, including overall survival, recurrence-free survival (RFS), ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, and distant metastasis, were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.

Surgical Faculty Perception of Service-Based Advanced Practice Provider Impact: A Southwestern Surgical Congress Multicenter Survey.

Background: A previous single-center survey of trauma and general surgery faculty demonstrated perceived positive impact of trauma and surgical subspecialty service-based advanced practice providers (SB APPs). The aim of this multicenter survey was to further validate these findings.

Methods: Faculty surgeons on teams that employ SB APPs at 8 academic centers completed an electronic survey querying perception about advanced practice provider (APP) competency and impact.

Implications of Incidental Germline Findings Identified In the Context of Clinical Whole Exome Sequencing for Guiding Cancer Therapy.

Purpose: Identification of incidental germline mutations in the context of next-generation sequencing is an unintended consequence of advancing technologies. These data are critical for family members to understand disease risks and take action.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of 1,028 adult patients with metastatic cancer who were sequenced with tumor and germline whole exome sequencing (WES).

Precision Prevention: The Current State and Future of Genomically Guided Cancer Prevention.

The identification of cancer-predisposing germline variants has potentially substantial clinical impact for patients and their families. Although management guidelines have been proposed for some genes, guidelines for other genes are lacking. This review focuses on the current surveillance and management guidelines for the most common hereditary cancer syndromes and discusses some of the most pivotal studies supporting the available guidelines.

The core SWI/SNF catalytic subunit Brg1 regulates nephron progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.

Chromatin-remodeling complexes play critical roles in establishing gene expression patterns in response to developmental signals. How these epigenetic regulators determine the fate of progenitor cells during development of specific organs is not well understood. We found that genetic deletion of Brg1 (Smarca4), the core enzymatic protein in SWI/SNF, in nephron progenitor cells leads to severe renal hypoplasia.

Analysis of FGF20-regulated genes in organ of Corti progenitors by translating ribosome affinity purification.

Background: Understanding the mechanisms that regulate hair cell (HC) differentiation in the organ of Corti (OC) is essential to designing genetic therapies for hearing loss due to HC loss or damage. We have previously identified Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 (FGF20) as having a key role in HC and supporting cell differentiation in the mouse OC. To investigate the genetic landscape regulated by FGF20 signaling in OC progenitors, we employ Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification combined with Next Generation RNA Sequencing (TRAPseq) in the Fgf20 lineage.

Pharmacologic inhibition of RGD-binding integrins ameliorates fibrosis and improves function following kidney injury.

Fibrosis is a final common pathway for many causes of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-binding integrins are important mediators of the pro-fibrotic response by activating latent TGF-β at sites of injury and by providing myofibroblasts information about the composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, blockade of RGD-binding integrins may have therapeutic potential for CKD.

Influenza Vaccination, Self-reported Illness, and Obstacles for Vaccination Among the 2010 ROTC Warrior Forge Cadet Cohort.

Introduction: This study evaluates a large cohort of college students after the 2009-2010 pandemic H1N1 influenza season. The objective was to assess influenza vaccination status, influenzalike illnesses (ILIs), and other characteristics associated with attaining immunizations.

Methods: This study was conducted during the summer 2010 the Reserve Officer Training Corps Leadership Development and Assessment Course involving 6272 college students.

Barriers and facilitators of clinical trial enrollment in a network of community-based pediatric oncology clinics.

Introduction: Major advances in the field of pediatric oncology have resulted from rigorous, prospective clinical oncology research trials. Optimizing access for all children and adolescents to clinical research trials is an important goal. Barriers to clinical trial enrollment are numerous, involving the health care system, research infrastructure, access to care, providers, and participants.