Endoscopic injection sclerosis (EIS) of esophageal varices.

A technique for injection of sclerosing agents into esophageal varices using a fiberoptic endoscope in conscious but sedated patients was evaluated. With a flexible needle of our own design, 82 such procedures were performed in 22 patients over a period of 17 months. A solution of 0.

Covalent binding of 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-aminofluorene, and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to rat liver nuclear DNA and protein in vivo and in vitro.

Binding of the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and two metabolites, 2-aminofluorene (AF) and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF), to the DNA and protein of rat hepatic nuclei was examined in vitro and in a cell-free system. Three and one-half hr following a single injection of each compound in equimolar amounts. DNA contained approximately 50% more of the compounds per mg than did protein.

In vivo detection of membrane injury at freezing temperatures.

The release of hydrogen cyanide from Amelanchier alnifolia was monitored at 30 C and -10 C following lethal freezing at both slow and fast rates. Assuming that hydrogen cyanide release indicates membrane damage, it was concluded that during a fatal freeze-thaw cycle membrane damage occurred during cell contraction and, therefore, was not dependent upon membrane area expansion during thawing.

Endoscopic sphincterotomy and removal of gallstones.

Endoscopic sphincterotomy was attempted in 23 patients. The procedure was successful in 22 patients. Sphincterotomy was not successful in one patient due to the technical inability selectively to cannulate the common bile duct.

Progressive DNA damage in hepatic nodules during 2-acetylaminofluorene carcinogenesis.

The method of alkaline elution was used to detect DNA alteration in rat liver throughout the carcinogenic sequence that resulted from exposure to a standard four-cycle feeding regimen of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AFF). At the end of 3 weeks of AAF feeding, DNA from aliquots of whole liver demonstrated a small but significant degree of damage. By the end of the fourth AAF feeding, the liver exhibited numerous nodules that could be dissected free from surrounding tissue.

Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times and plasmalemma water exchange in ivy bark.

Measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times (transverse [T(2)] and longitudinal [T(1)]) for Hedera helix L. cv. Thorndale (ivy) bark water indicates the presence of at least two populations of water with different relaxation characteristics.

Water permeability of chlorella cell membranes by nuclear magnetic resonance: measured diffusion coefficients and relaxation times.

Measurement by two nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques of the mean residence time tau(a) of water molecules inside Chlorella vulgaris (Beijerinck) var. "viridis" (Chodot) is reported. The first is the Conlon and Outhred (1972 Biochim Biophys Acta 288: 354-361) technique in which extracellular water is doped with paramagnetic Mn(2+) ions.

Quantitative study of the importance of water permeability in plant cold hardiness.

The rate of ice formation was measured for Hedera helix L. cv. Thorndale (English ivy) bark exposed to -10 C.

N'-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene: the principal mutagen produced from N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by a mammalian supernatant enzyme preparation.

A Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 culture system wasused to monitor the production of mutagen from N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by soluble liver enzymes. When benzene was used to extract the mutagen, no mutagenic activity remained in the liver enzyme preparation. The benzene extract contained approximately two-thirds of the total mutagenic activity produced by the liver enzyme preparation.

Familial male breast cancer.

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast occurred in a total of six men from two families. In one family specimens from three men who had prophylactic mastectomies revealed focal intraductal hyperplasia, suggesting a familial tendency toward proliferation of mammary-duct epithelium. In the other family, benign and malignant breast lesions also developed in several women.