Burnout among Nurses, Midwives, and Physicians in Maternity Care Exposed to Traumatic Childbirth Events.

Purpose: To describe the relationship between experiencing traumatic childbirth events and burnout.

Study Designs And Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study used an anonymous online survey to assess traumatic childbirth event exposure and the three independent constructs of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Participants were a convenience sample of registered nurses, obstetric residents, family medicine residents, and attending obstetricians across five hospitals from December 2020 through June 2021.

Childhood Factors Associated With Unnatural Death Through Midadulthood.

Importance: Life expectancy is decreasing in the US. Without national efforts to address factors that support policies and programs directed at children living in areas of concentrated poverty, life expectancy will likely continue to decline while costs and suffering associated with unnatural deaths will increase.

Objective: To identify which childhood factors are associated with death from unnatural causes through midadulthood.

Spirituality moderates the relationship between cancer caregiver burden and depression.

Objectives: Cancer has become a chronic disease that requires a considerable amount of informal caregiving, often quite burdensome to family caregivers. However, the influence of spirituality on the caregivers' burden and mental health outcomes has been understudied. This study was to examine how caregiver burden, spirituality, and depression change during cancer treatment and investigate the moderating role of spirituality in the relationship between caregiver burden and depression for a sample of caregivers of persons with cancer.

Stakeholders' priorities in the development of evidence-based practice competencies in rehabilitation students: a nominal group technique study.

Purpose: Clinically integrated teaching (CIT) is an effective approach for promoting evidence-based practice (EBP) competencies among medical students. Challenges towards the implementation of CIT in rehabilitation curricula include educators' different conceptualizations of EBP, the perceived complexity of EBP and the boundaries between the academic and the clinical setting. This study aimed to identify tailored strategies to implement in rehabilitation programs and their affiliated clinical sites to support the development of EBP competencies among students in occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT) and speech-language pathology (S-LP).

A randomised controlled feasibility trial of an early years language development intervention: results of the 'outcomes of Talking Together evaluation and results' (oTTer) project.

Background: Early language difficulties are associated with poor school readiness and can impact lifelong attainment. The quality of the early home language environment is linked to language outcomes. However, few home-based language interventions have sufficient evidence of effectiveness in improving preschool children's language abilities.

Workplace Exposures and Prescription Drug Misuse Among Nurses.

Objective: This study examined the association between workplace exposure and prescription drug misuse in nurses.

Background: Studies have found RNs and other health providers have higher rates of prescription misuse than the general population and have suggested that workplace exposures along with excessive job demands create circumstances fostering misuse.

Methods: Survey data from 1170 RNs on workplace exposures (availability, frequency of administration, knowledge of substances, and workplace controls) were described by workplace, position, and specialty.

Cross-Sectional Study of the Frequency and Severity of Traumatic Childbirth Events and How They Affect Maternity Care Clinicians.

Objective: To describe the frequency and severity of traumatic childbirth events (TCEs) and how they affected the professional practice and personal lives of maternity care clinicians, including registered nurses (RNs), certified nurse-midwives, attending physicians, and resident physicians.

Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Setting: Maternity units across five hospitals in the Baltimore metropolitan area.

The role of mood disorders in the progression of and recovery from alcohol and drug use problems: A latent transition analysis.

Introduction: Longitudinal research assessing whether mood disorders predict substance use behaviors is limited. We extend our prior work evaluating transition patterns with alcohol use to assess patterns with alcohol and drug use problems.

Method: Using National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions prospective data, waves 1 and 2, we completed latent class analyses to empirically define classes of alcohol and drug problems from DSM disorder criteria.

Preschoolers BMI: Associations with Patterns of Caregivers' Feeding Practices Using Structural Equation Models.

Childhood obesity is a major health concern. Caregivers' feeding practices are modifiable targets of obesity prevention. The study tested two hypotheses: (1) autonomy-promoting feeding practices are associated with lower BMI; and (2) diet mediates the association.

Deficiency Citations on Inappropriate Psychotropics Use Related to Care for Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia.

Objectives: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) initiated the National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care in Nursing Homes in 2012, which helped decrease antipsychotics use. However, inappropriate use of antipsychotics and other psychotropic medications to control behavioral symptoms associated with dementia persists. Nursing homes (NHs) can be flagged for inappropriate psychotropics use as a deficiency of care citation (F-758 tag).

Nurse staffing and deficiency of care for inappropriate psychotropic medication use in nursing home residents with dementia.

Purpose: Psychotropic medications are used to manage behavioral symptoms of dementia in nursing homes despite limited efficacy and the risk of adverse effects, and may be considered an easier solution for the treatment of behavioral symptoms. However, non-pharmacologic interventions are preferable but are most effective with consistent staffing. To address this, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services implemented additional regulatory scrutiny through F-tag for deficiencies of care, targeting inappropriate psychotropic medication use (F-758 tag).

Delivery Outcomes Among Pregnant Women With Comorbid Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders Receiving Comprehensive Treatment.

Pregnant women with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at risk for adverse delivery outcomes, and some of these women have psychiatric comorbidities that increase this risk. Although comprehensive care models offering prenatal care services and substance abuse treatment have been found to positively affect delivery outcomes for pregnant women with SUDs, there is a dearth of research to support such models for women who have psychiatric comorbidities. A secondary data analysis was conducted to understand the relationship between pretreatment psychiatric comorbidity and delivery outcomes for pregnant clients with SUDs receiving comprehensive treatment.

Impact of early, weekly drinking on latent classes of alcohol involvement progression and recovery: Evidence from the NESARC Waves 1 and 2.

Introduction: Early drinkers have been found to have higher risk of developing alcohol use disorder; however, the association of early drinking with progression to problematic alcohol involvement that does not meet disorder criteria (i.e., subclinical problems) or to severe stages of alcohol involvement, sex-specific associations, and relationship of early drinking with alcohol recovery have rarely been investigated.

Patterns of caregivers' feeding practices and associated characteristics among preschool-age children in the United States.

During early childhood, caregiver feeding practices (FP) influence children's diet and eating habits. Inconsistent methods of operationalizing FP have resulted in limited evidence regarding simultaneous FP patterns. This study examined the heterogeneity in FP among caregivers of preschoolers, along with the child, caregiver, and family characteristics associated with FP patterns.

Stressful life events and transitions in problematic alcohol use involvement among US adults.

Objective: We investigated the impact of stressful life events (SLEs) for males and females on transitions in problematic alcohol involvement, both progression and recovery, over a 3-year interval.

Method: Participants of both Wave 1 (2001-2002) and Wave 2 (2004-2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were stratified by sex (14,233 males and 19,550 females). Latent transition analysis estimated the impact of experiencing ≥3 SLE in the year preceding the Wave 1 interview on the probability of transitioning between three empirically-derived stages of alcohol involvement (patterns of alcohol use disorder [AUD] symptoms), across waves.

Socially Accountable Canadian Occupational Therapy Fieldwork with Indigenous Peoples: Where Are We At?

In an increasingly globalized world, there have been mounting calls for social accountability with respect to recognizing Indigenous and nonwhite human rights within nation states. Thus, this perspective paper reflects on the Canadian occupational therapy journey for social change with a specific focus on Indigenous fieldwork experiences. First, we describe the importance of cultural safety in occupational therapy practice and partnership development.

Caregiver burden and related factors during active cancer treatment: A latent growth curve analysis.

Purpose: Caregiver burden is frequently studied cross-sectionally, but longitudinal studies on family caregiver burden during active cancer treatment are lacking. The goals of this study were to characterize trajectories of caregivers' burden during a 6-month active treatment period, and to examine which predictors are associated with their burden.

Method: This study was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective study.

Gender Differences in the Interrelations Among Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Smoking Cessation in People With Severe Mental Illnesses.

Background: Social support and stressful life events (SLEs) have been found to be influential factors for smoking cessation in the general population, but little is known about these factors among smokers with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and whether their associations with smoking cessation differ by gender.

Aims: To examine the association between social support and smoking cessation as mediated by SLEs in people with SMI and to examine whether the interrelations among social support, SLEs, and smoking cessation differ by gender.

Methods: A population sample of 4,610 American lifetime adult smokers with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder were identified in a limited public use data set of the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Early Life Stress and Risks for Opioid Misuse: Review of Data Supporting Neurobiological Underpinnings.

A robust body of research has shown that traumatic experiences occurring during critical developmental periods of childhood when neuronal plasticity is high increase risks for a spectrum of physical and mental health problems in adulthood, including substance use disorders. However, until recently, relatively few studies had specifically examined the relationships between early life stress (ELS) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Associations with opioid use initiation, injection drug use, overdose, and poor treatment outcome have now been demonstrated.

Building evidence-based practice competencies among rehabilitation students: a qualitative exploration of faculty and preceptors' perspectives.

Medical education literature suggests clinically-integrated teaching may be the most effective approach to teach evidence-based practice (EBP). Before implementing this educational best practice in rehabilitation curricula, it is imperative to better understand the current context, barriers and facilitators to teach EBP in rehabilitation from the academic to the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to explore faculty and preceptors' experiences and perceptions of teaching EBP in rehabilitation professions, namely occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech-language pathology.

Differential Nonenrollment of Taiwanese Children in School-Based Substance Use Prevention Studies: A Multilevel Analysis.

Objective: The present study investigated the extent to which individual and school characteristics may differentially affect parental consent and child assent in the enrollment of a school-based substance use prevention study in Taiwan.

Method: This study linked field notes on response and consent status during enrollment of the school-based prevention study with administrative survey data reported by the targeted students when they were in fourth grade (age 10-11) (N = 2,560; 53% male, 97.8% matched).

Development of a DNP measurement grid to increase the rigor of doctor of nursing practice students' data collection and analysis methods.

A key component of the DNP project rigor is the collection and analysis of data or measurement. A Steering Committee at the University of Maryland formed to improve the quality of DNP projects established a workgroup to evaluate the current measurement content in four DNP core courses with the goal of establishing DNP project measurement criteria across the curriculum. The steps included: Step 1: Identify QI Measurement Methods and Tools.

Remission from nicotine dependence among people with severe mental illness who received help/services for tobacco/nicotine use.

Objectives: A growing body of evidence supports pharmacological interventions to assist smoking cessation in people with severe mental illness (SMI); that is, lifetime major depressive disorder, bipolar disorders, or schizophrenia. Little is known about whether behavioral services are also associated with high probability of remission from nicotine dependence as compared to other types of help/services received (pharmacological, behavioral, or both).

Methods: A sample of 726 American lifetime adult smokers with SMI and a history of nicotine dependence, who received help/services for tobacco/nicotine use, were identified.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and transitions in stages of alcohol involvement among US adults: Progression and regression.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a number of medical comorbidities. However, there is a paucity of data on the role ACEs play in transitions in stages of alcohol involvement.

Objective: To examine the association between ACEs and transitions in alcohol problems progression and regression between No Problems, Moderate Problems and Severe Problems stages.

Spirituality among family caregivers of cancer patients: The Spiritual Perspective Scale.

Spirituality is a critical resource for family caregivers of patients with cancer. However, studies on spirituality are hampered because measures of spirituality lack consistency and have not been validated in cancer caregivers. This study examined the validity of the Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS) among cancer caregivers and explored whether measurement bias may influence differences in spirituality across caregiver and patient characteristics.