Trends and considerations in the pursuit of postgraduate training: Motivations, barriers, and well-being.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Naming and Navigating Matters: Family Therapists' Perspectives Facilitating Ethnic-Racial Socialization Practices With Latino Parents.

Persistent ethnic-racial discrimination in the lives of minoritized clients requires a better understanding of effective practices for family therapists working with Latino families. Ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) can help mitigate the adverse effects of discrimination; however, ERS practices are less known as a therapeutic tool, resulting in a critical gap in the existing literature and limiting the support that family therapists can provide to Latino families. In response, the current study investigated family therapists' lived experiences facilitating ERS practices with Latino parents in therapy.

The therapeutic alliance in couple therapy: Patterns by treatment and sex in a randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused therapy and treatment as usual.

The formation and development of the therapeutic alliance in couple therapy is a complex process and a key contributor to positive treatment outcomes. This study explored differences in trajectories of therapeutic alliance by sex and treatment condition among 24 couples randomized to receive Emotionally Focused Therapy or treatment as usual. The results identified a curvilinear growth pattern for alliance across both treatment groups.

Identifying Beneficial Training Elements: Clinician Perceptions of Learning the Evidence-Based GenerationPMTO Intervention.

Improving the process through which mental health professionals are trained in evidence-based practices (EBPs) represents an important opportunity for extending the implementation of EBPs in community settings. In this study, we used a qualitative approach to examine the specific training elements that were beneficial to clinicians' experiences learning an evidence-based intervention. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with mental health professionals completing training in the GenerationPMTO parenting intervention.

Recruitment strategies in couple intervention studies: A systematic review of recruitment methods and sample characteristics in the United States from 2015 to 2020.

Including diverse participants in couple intervention studies is critical for developing an evidence base that informs best practices for all potential clients. Research has shown that subgroups of clients respond differently to different interventions and that interventions that have been adapted to fit the needs of a given population are more effective than non-adapted interventions. Unfortunately, couple intervention samples often exclude participants with marginalized identities and culturally adapted couple intervention research is limited.

The acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of a brief, online parenting program: Expanding access to Evidence-Based parenting intervention content.

Parenting interventions are a promising means for preventing and treating a variety of child behavior and conduct problems; yet, many families lack access to such services. Online parenting programs offer an opportunity to mitigate many barriers to intervention access by extending service delivery options. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of a brief, online parenting program.

Efficient hemogenic endothelial cell specification by RUNX1 is dependent on baseline chromatin accessibility of RUNX1-regulated TGFβ target genes.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated de novo in the embryo from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) that requires the transcription factor RUNX1. Ectopic expression of RUNX1 alone can efficiently promote EHT and HSPC formation from embryonic endothelial cells (ECs), but less efficiently from fetal or adult ECs. Efficiency correlated with baseline accessibility of TGFβ-related genes associated with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and participation of AP-1 and SMAD2/3 to initiate further chromatin remodeling along with RUNX1 at these sites.

Runx1 is sufficient for blood cell formation from non-hemogenic endothelial cells only during early embryogenesis.

Hematopoietic cells differentiate during embryogenesis from a population of endothelial cells called hemogenic endothelium (HE) in a process called the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). The transcription factor Runx1 is required for EHT, but for how long and which endothelial cells are competent to respond to Runx1 are not known. Here, we show that the ability of Runx1 to induce EHT in non-hemogenic endothelial cells depends on the anatomical location of the cell and the developmental age of the conceptus.

Exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise and late-onset hypertension in young adults.

Introduction: Exaggerated blood pressure response (EBPR) during exercise has been associated with an increased risk of incidental systemic hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity; however, there is no consensus definition of EBPR. We aimed to determine which marker best defines EBPR during exercise and to predict the long-term development of hypertension in individuals younger than 50 years.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed 107 exercise tests performed in 1992, applied several reported methods to define EBPR at moderate and maximum exercise, and contacted the patients by telephone 20 years after the test to verify hypertension status.

The Role of Runx1 in Embryonic Blood Cell Formation.

The de novo generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) occurs solely during embryogenesis from a population of epithelial cells called hemogenic endothelium (HE). During midgestation HE cells in multiple intra- and extraembryonic vascular beds leave the vessel wall as they transition into HSPCs in a process termed the endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). Runx1 expression in HE cells orchestrates the transcriptional switch necessary for the transdifferentiation of endothelial cells into functional HSPCs.

Insights into blood cell formation from hemogenic endothelium in lesser-known anatomic sites.

Background: Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are generated de novo in the embryo in a process termed the endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). EHT is most extensively studied in the yolk sac and dorsal aorta. Recently new sites of hematopoiesis have been described, including the heart, somites, head, and venous plexus of the yolk sac.

Extravascular endothelial and hematopoietic islands form through multiple pathways in midgestation mouse embryos.

The de novo generation of hematopoietic cells occurs during midgestation when a population of endothelial cells called hemogenic endothelium transitions into hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells. In mammalian embryos, the newly formed hematopoietic cells form clusters in the lumens of the major arteries in the embryo proper and in the vascular plexus of the yolk sac. Small clusters of hematopoietic cells that are independent of the vasculature (referred to here as extravascular islands) were shown to form in the mesentery during vascular remodeling of the vitelline artery.

Loss of neurofibromin Ras-GAP activity enhances the formation of cardiac blood islands in murine embryos.

Type I neurofibromatosis (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene encoding neurofibromin. Neurofibromin exhibits Ras GTPase activating protein (Ras-GAP) activity that is thought to mediate cellular functions relevant to disease phenotypes. Loss of murine Nf1 results in embryonic lethality due to heart defects, while mice with monoallelic loss of function mutations or with tissue-specific inactivation have been used to model NF1.

Human definitive haemogenic endothelium and arterial vascular endothelium represent distinct lineages.

The generation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will depend on the accurate recapitulation of embryonic haematopoiesis. In the early embryo, HSCs develop from the haemogenic endothelium (HE) and are specified in a Notch-dependent manner through a process named endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition (EHT). As HE is associated with arteries, it is assumed that it represents a subpopulation of arterial vascular endothelium (VE).

Hematopoietic stem cell arrival triggers dynamic remodeling of the perivascular niche.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can reconstitute and sustain the entire blood system. We generated a highly specific transgenic reporter of HSPCs in zebrafish. This allowed us to perform high-resolution live imaging on endogenous HSPCs not currently possible in mammalian bone marrow.

Inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production.

Identifying signaling pathways that regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) formation in the embryo will guide efforts to produce and expand HSPCs ex vivo. Here we show that sterile tonic inflammatory signaling regulates embryonic HSPC formation. Expression profiling of progenitors with lymphoid potential and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) regions of midgestation mouse embryos revealed a robust innate immune/inflammatory signature.

Distinct temporal requirements for Runx1 in hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells.

The transcription factor Runx1 is essential for the formation of yolk sac-derived erythroid/myeloid progenitors (EMPs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from hemogenic endothelium during embryogenesis. However, long-term repopulating HSCs (LT-HSCs) persist when Runx1 is conditionally deleted in fetal liver cells, demonstrating that the requirement for Runx1 changes over time. To define more precisely when Runx1 transitions from an essential factor to a homeostatic regulator of EMPs and HSCs, and whether that transition requires fetal liver colonization, we performed conditional, timed deletions of Runx1 between E7.

Semaphorin 3d signaling defects are associated with anomalous pulmonary venous connections.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a potentially lethal congenital disorder that occurs when the pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium, allowing mixing of pulmonary and systemic blood. In contrast to the extensive knowledge of arterial vascular patterning, little is known about the patterning of veins. Here we show that the secreted guidance molecule semaphorin 3d (Sema3d) is crucial for the normal patterning of pulmonary veins.

The expression of Sox17 identifies and regulates haemogenic endothelium.

Although it is well recognized that haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop from a specialized population of endothelial cells known as haemogenic endothelium, the regulatory pathways that control this transition are not well defined. Here we identify Sox17 as a key regulator of haemogenic endothelial development. Analysis of Sox17-GFP reporter mice revealed that Sox17 is expressed in haemogenic endothelium and emerging HSCs and that it is required for HSC development.

Whole-mount three-dimensional imaging of internally localized immunostained cells within mouse embryos.

We describe a three-dimensional (3D) confocal imaging technique to characterize and enumerate rare, newly emerging hematopoietic cells located within the vasculature of whole-mount preparations of mouse embryos. However, the methodology is broadly applicable for examining the development and 3D architecture of other tissues. Previously, direct whole-mount imaging has been limited to external tissue layers owing to poor laser penetration of dense, opaque tissue.

Erythroid/myeloid progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells originate from distinct populations of endothelial cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and an earlier wave of definitive erythroid/myeloid progenitors (EMPs) differentiate from hemogenic endothelial cells in the conceptus. EMPs can be generated in vitro from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, but efforts to produce HSCs have largely failed. The formation of both EMPs and HSCs requires the transcription factor Runx1 and its non-DNA binding partner core binding factor β (CBFβ).

Lessons learned from complementary and integrative medicine curriculum change in a medical school.

Objectives: This paper describes a pilot study that examined lessons learned from the introduction of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) elements into a medical school curriculum.

Methods: A qualitative approach was selected as a first step in evaluating the phenomenological experience of introducing the CAM Educational Project in 2000-05. In 2005, semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty staff and graduating students who had participated in all 4 years of the CAM Project.

Epigenetic silencing of E- and N-cadherins in the stroma of mouse thymic lymphomas.

Aberrant expression of some tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes by thymocytes had been involved in the development of primary thymic lymphomas induced by gamma-irradiation, but genetic alterations affecting critical genes expressed by stromal cells have not been yet explored. This paper analyzes a series of such tumours induced in C57BL/6J and in F1 hybrids of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mouse strains. As expected, hystopathological analyses revealed profound disorganizations within the thymus with a poor demarcation of the cortical and medullar areas.

[Effect of cyclosporin and tacrolimus on lipoprotein oxidation after renal transplantation].

Background: Cyclosporin A is a lipogenic immunosuppressor that can induce posttransplant hyperlipidaemia. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been recognized as a major atherogenic factor. Tacrolimus seems to be less lipogenic with an apparently better cardiovascular profile than CsA.