Understanding Incoming Canadian and US Veterinary Students' Attitudes and Perceptions of Their Dietary Habits and Levels of Physical Activity.

As critical components of individual well-being, nutrition and physical activity have important physical and psychological implications. Veterinary students face demanding schedules and potentially high rates of psychological distress. Though veterinary students' strategies for healthy eating have been explored, factors influencing their ability to achieve a healthy diet are less understood.

The role of stigma in U.S. primary care physicians' treatment of opioid use disorder.

Objectives: To characterize primary care physicians' (PCPs) attitudes and beliefs about people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and to understand the association between PCPs' stigmatizing attitudes and their OUD treatment practices, beliefs about treatment effectiveness, and support for policies designed to improve access to OUD medications.

Methods: We conducted a national postal survey of U.S.

Pet owners' and veterinarians' perceptions of information exchange and clinical decision-making in companion animal practice.

One of the most complex aspects of the veterinarian-client-patient interaction is the clinical decision-making process. Research suggests that the approach to communication used by veterinarians can impact veterinary clients' involvement in the decision-making process and their ultimate satisfaction. Using different approaches to the decision-making process may affect how information is exchanged and consequently how decisions are made.

Problems with Evidence Assessment in COVID-19 Health Policy Impact Evaluation: A systematic review of study design and evidence strength.

Introduction: Assessing the impact of COVID-19 policy is critical for informing future policies. However, there are concerns about the overall strength of COVID-19 impact evaluation studies given the circumstances for evaluation and concerns about the publication environment. This study systematically reviewed the strength of evidence in the published COVID-19 policy impact evaluation literature.

Septohippocampal transmission from parvalbumin-positive neurons features rapid recovery from synaptic depression.

Parvalbumin-containing projection neurons of the medial-septum-diagonal band of Broca ([Formula: see text]) are essential for hippocampal rhythms and learning operations yet are poorly understood at cellular and synaptic levels. We combined electrophysiological, optogenetic, and modeling approaches to investigate [Formula: see text] neuronal properties. [Formula: see text] neurons had intrinsic membrane properties distinct from acetylcholine- and somatostatin-containing MS-DBB subtypes.

Secondary Organic Aerosols from Aromatic Hydrocarbons and their Contribution to Fine Particulate Matter in Atlanta, Georgia.

Tracers of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from thirteen aromatic hydrocarbons were quantified in laboratory smog chamber experiments. Class-specific SOA tracers emerged, including 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxo-pentatonic acid (DHOPA) from monoaromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phthalic acid from naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, and methyl-nitrocatechol isomers from o,m,p-cresol oxidation. Organic carbon mass fractions (f) for these and other tracers were determined and extend the SOA tracer method widely used to apportion biogenic SOC.

Genetic Association between and Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the first association specific to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) located near the matrix metalloproteinase 9 () gene.

Design: Genetic association study.

Participants: One thousand seven hundred twelve patients with AMD (672 nonexudative, 1040 exudative) of predominantly northern European descent seeking treatment at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.

Single-cell RNA sequencing in vision research: Insights into human retinal health and disease.

Gene expression provides valuable insight into cell function. As such, vision researchers have frequently employed gene expression studies to better understand retinal physiology and disease. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing, expression experiments provide an unparalleled resolution of information.

Non-canonical Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Activity Protects against Ferroptosis.

Cysteine is required for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis in both normal and transformed cells. Deprivation of cysteine induces the iron-dependent form of cell death known as ferroptosis; however, the metabolic consequences of cysteine starvation beyond impairment of glutathione synthesis are poorly characterized. Here, we find that cystine starvation of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines induces an unexpected accumulation of γ-glutamyl-peptides, which are produced due to a non-canonical activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC).

Differences in Public Support for Gun Policies Between Women and Men.

Introduction: This study examines whether differences exist by sex in support for specific gun policies aimed at reducing gun violence.

Methods: Investigators combined 2 waves of the National Survey of Gun Policy administered in January 2017 and January 2019. Data were analyzed in 2020.

mRNA induced expression of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in mice for the study of the adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

The novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic. Critical to the rapid evaluation of vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 is the development of tractable animal models to understand the adaptive immune response to the virus. To this end, the use of common laboratory strains of mice is hindered by significant divergence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is the receptor required for entry of SARS-CoV-2.

Conformational Dynamics Contribute to Substrate Selectivity and Catalysis in Human Kynureninase.

Kynureninases (KYNases) are enzymes that play a key role in tryptophan catabolism through the degradation of intermediate kynurenine and 3'-hydroxy-kynurenine metabolites (KYN and OH-KYN, respectively). Bacterial KYNases exhibit high catalytic efficiency toward KYN and moderate activity toward OH-KYN, whereas animal KYNases are highly selective for OH-KYN, exhibiting only minimal activity toward the smaller KYN substrate. These differences reflect divergent pathways for KYN and OH-KYN utilization in the respective kingdoms.

A cross-sectional study of pet owners' attitudes and intentions towards nutritional guidance received from veterinarians.

Background: Beliefs of pet owners strongly influence their decision-making surrounding their pets' diet. Thus, nutritional guidance is an essential component of veterinary practice and integral to managing rising rates of pet obesity. This study examined pet owners' trust of, perceived effectiveness of, and intentions to follow nutritional guidance received from their veterinarian in managing their pets' diet.

Predominance of hyperopia in autosomal dominant Best vitelliform macular dystrophy.

Background/aims: Patients with -associated autosomal dominant Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (AD-BVMD) have been reported to be hyperopic, but the prevalence of refractive error has not been described. This study aimed to characterise the type and degree of refractive error in a large cohort of patients with AD-BVMD compared with an age-similar group with -associated Stargardt disease.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with molecularly confirmed AD-BVMD and Stargardt macular dystrophy seen at a single academic centre.

Dynamic assessment of augmentative and alternative communication application grid formats and communicative targets for children with autism spectrum disorder.

Six children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) participated in dynamic assessment to determine whether the complexity of grid-based augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) application displays impacted the level of instructional supports needed for responding across different communicative functions/parts of speech. Dynamic assessment was integrated into a single-case multi-element design. The researchers examined the effects of three different display formats that varied in (a) array size, and (b) the number of steps needed to make a response, on the average levels of support needed to make item requests and action/social word responses.

Medicolegal Considerations in Multidisciplinary Cancer Care.

Health professionals participating in multidisciplinary team (MDT) cancer meetings may not be aware of their medicolegal obligations. This commentary aims to identify medicolegal issues concerning multidisciplinary cancer care and provides recommendations for future implementation. Predominant medicolegal issues related to MDT care were identified in the literature; these include patient consent and privacy at MDT meetings, professional liability, formal expression of dissenting views, and duty of care.

Correction to: A pilot study of improved psychological distress with art therapy in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Roost selection by Mauritian tomb bats (Taphozus mauritianus) in Lilongwe city, Malawi - importance of woodland for sustainable urban planning.

Increasing urbanisation has led to a greater use of artificial structures by bats as alternative roost sites. Despite the widespread presence of bats, roost availability may restrict their distribution and abundance in urban environments. There is limited quantitative information on the drivers of bat roost selection and roosting preferences, particularly in African bats.

Patient derived stem cells for discovery and validation of novel pathogenic variants in inherited retinal disease.

Our understanding of inherited retinal disease has benefited immensely from molecular genetic analysis over the past several decades. New technologies that allow for increasingly detailed examination of a patient's DNA have expanded the catalog of genes and specific variants that cause retinal disease. In turn, the identification of pathogenic variants has allowed the development of gene therapies and low-cost, clinically focused genetic testing.

Behavioral health home impact on transitional care and readmissions among adults with serious mental illness.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Maryland's behavioral health homes (BHHs) on receipt of follow-up care and readmissions following hospitalization among Medicaid enrollees with serious mental illness (SMI).

Data Sources: Maryland Medicaid administrative claims for 12 232 individuals.

Study Design: Weighted marginal structural models were estimated to account for time-varying exposure to BHH enrollment and time-varying confounders.

Combinatorial Approaches to Enhance DNA Damage following Enzyme-Mediated Depletion of L-Cys for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents one of the deadliest forms of cancer with very few available therapeutic options. We previously reported that an engineered human enzyme, cyst(e)inase, which degrades L-cysteine (L-Cys) and cystine, inhibits growth of multiple cancer cells, including PDAC both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that cyst(e)inase treatment leads to increased clustered oxidative DNA damage, DNA single-strand breaks, apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in PDAC cells sensitive to intracellular depletion of L-Cys that is associated with reduced survival.

Atrial fibrillation in COVID-19: A review of possible mechanisms.

A relationship between COVID-19 infection and an increasing incidence of atrial fibrillation has been observed. However, the underlying pathophysiology as a precipitant to AF has not been reviewed. This paper will consider the possible pathological and immunological AF mechanisms as a result, of COVID-19 infection.