The Development of Innovated Complex Process for Treatment of Old Flotation Tailings of Copper-Zinc Sulfide Ore.

The possibility of selective Cu and Zn leaching from the sample of old pyrite tailings, which is one of the most widespread types of solid waste forming during non-ferrous metal production, using sulfuric acid solutions and water was studied. It was shown that water leaching provided selective extraction of Cu and Zn and comparatively low iron ion extraction. At the same time, acid leaching provided the obtainment of pregnant solutions with high ferric ion concentration, which can be used for oxidative leaching of substandard copper concentrates.

Phytoremediation of toxic chemicals in aquatic environment with special emphasis on duckweed mediated approaches.

The discharge of toxic chemicals into water bodies and their linked detrimental effects on health is a global concern. Phytoremediation, an environment-friendly plant-based technology, has gained intensive interest over the last decades. For the aquatic phytoremediation process, the commonly available duckweeds have recently attracted significant attention due to their capacity to grow in diverse ecological niches, fast growth characteristics, suitable morphology for easy handling of biomass, and capacity to remove and detoxify various potential toxic elements and compounds.

Toxicity of Different Types of Surfactants via Cellular and Enzymatic Assay Systems.

Surfactants have a widespread occurrence, not only as household detergents, but also in their application in industry and medicine. There are numerous bioassays for assessing surfactant toxicity, but investigations of their impact on biological systems at the molecular level are still needed. In this paper, luminous marine bacteria and their coupled NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase + luciferase (Red + Luc) enzyme system was applied to examine the effects of different types of surfactants, including cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), non-ionic polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and anionic sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and to assess whether the Red + Luc enzyme system can be used as a more sensitive indicator of toxicity.

Electrochemical Characteristics of the Oxidation of Sulfur- and Iron-Containing Compounds by Acidophilic Microorganisms.

The electrochemical features of the interactions of sulfur- and iron-containing compounds (ferrous sulfate, elemental sulfur, pyrite tailings, cysteine, sodium thiosulfate) with a model acidophilic consortium, including the genera , , , , and , were studied. The method of cyclic voltammetry recorded redox processes at the electrode/solution interface in the presence of the studied sulfur- and iron-containing compounds. In general, the modeling consortium led to the intensification of these processes.

Humic Substances Mitigate the Impact of Tritium on Luminous Marine Bacteria. Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species.

The paper studies the combined effects of beta-emitting radionuclide tritium and Humic Substances (HS) on the marine unicellular microorganism-luminous bacteria-under conditions of low-dose radiation exposures (<0.04 Gy). Tritium was used as a component of tritiated water.

Effect of external resistance on the sensitivity of microbial fuel cell biosensor for detection of different types of pollutants.

The relatively poor sensitivity is the main bottleneck restricting the application of microbial fuel cell biosensor (MFC-biosensor) for toxicity monitoring. Previous studies have shown that external resistance (R) had an obvious effect on sensor sensitivity. However, these studies reported different results and the reason of this discrepancy was not clear.

Antioxidant activity of humic substances via bioluminescent monitoring in vitro.

Unlabelled: This work considers antioxidant properties of natural detoxifying agents-humic substances (HS) in solutions of model inorganic and organic compounds of oxidative nature-complex salt K3[Fe(СN)6] and 1,4-benzoquinone. Bioluminescent system of coupled enzymatic reactions catalyzed by

Nad(p)h: FMN-oxidoreductase and bacterial luciferase was used as a bioassay in vitro to monitor toxicity of the oxidizer solutions. Toxicities of general and oxidative types were evaluated using bioluminescent kinetic parameters-bioluminescence intensity and induction period, respectively.

The evaluation of the activity of medicinal remedies of plant and animal origin on the regeneration of the earthworms' tail segments.

Now, in the global community there is enough hard recommendation to replace the vertebrate test animals into simpler organisms at the development, testing, and evaluation of the quality pharmaceuticals. The feature of planarian to regenerate in new individual planarian from a piece, which is only 1/7 of the original animal, allowed to create the alternative methods of testing of drugs, dietary supplements, water quality, influence of electromagnetic fields, and other radiations. The tests on planarian can replace the ones that are held today on mammals.

The influence of pharmaceutical vermipreparations on the test-reaction of organisms of the different levels of the organization.

The efficiency of vermipreparations has been investigated with the help of the test-reactions on various invertebrate organisms, plants and microorganisms. The principal possibility of the use of biotest on the basis of yeast, fungi, algae, water and ground-based plants, sponges, protozoan, small crustaceans, oligochaetes for an estimation of biological activity of vermipreparations and in further and for definition of quality, selection of dose of medicinal complex preparations is shown.

Bioluminescence as a tool for studying detoxification processes in metal salt solutions involving humic substances.

The paper considers effects of humic substances (HS), as natural attenuators of toxicity, on solutions of model inorganic pollutants, metal salts - Pb(NO(3))(2), СоСl(2), CuSO(4), Eu(NO(3))(3), СrСl(3), and K(3)[Fe(СN)(6)]. Luminous bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum and bioluminescent system of coupled enzymatic reactions were used as bioassays to monitor toxicity of salt solutions. The ability of HS to decrease or increase toxicity was demonstrated.

Effect of humic substances on toxicity of inorganic oxidizer bioluminescent monitoring.

The current study deals with the effect of humic substances (HS) on toxicity of solutions of a model inorganic oxidizer, potassium ferricyanide. Chemical reactions responsible for toxicity changes are under consideration. The bioluminescent system of coupled enzymatic reactions catalyzed by bacterial luciferase and oxidoreductase was used as a bioassay.

Detoxification of AM-241 solutions by humic substances: bioluminescent monitoring.

The study addresses the effect of humic substances on marine luminous bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum exposed to Am-241 (3,000 Bq L(-1), water solution). Luminescent intensity of the bacteria was applied as a marker of their physiological activity. Humic substances have been found to reduce the effect of Am-241 on luminescence, decrease damage to cells, and change distribution of Am-241 between bacterial cells and intercellular media.

Bioluminescent monitoring of detoxification processes: activity of humic substances in quinone solutions.

This study deals with application of bioluminescent assay systems to evaluate the detoxifying effect of humic substances (HS) on the solutions of organic oxidizers - quinones. A series of homologous quinones with different redox characteristics: 1,4-benzoquinone, tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, and 1,4-naphtoquinone, was used. Bioluminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum, and NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase-luciferase enzyme system isolated from these bacteria were used as assay systems.

Bioluminescence assays: effects of quinones and phenols.

The influence of a series of quinones and phenols on bacteria bioluminescence systems was investigated. Three bioluminescence systems used in ecological monitoring were compared: (1) water-soluble; (2) immobilized in starch gel coupled enzyme systems: NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase-luciferase; (3) luminescent bacteria. Bioluminescence inhibition constants of quinones and phenols and bioluminescence induction periods were compared.

[Effect of quinones on enzymatic bioluminescence of NADH-dependent systems].

The effects of a number of quinones on the bioluminescence characteristics of a three-component enzymatic system containing alcohol dehydrogenase, bacterial luciferase, and NADH-FMN oxidoreductase were studied to find the most sensitive kinetic parameters of the system intended to be used in biological testing. Both direct and back reactions catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase were studied in the presence and in the absence of quinones. The kinetic parameters of the bioluminescent system were found to depend on the redox potentials and concentrations of quinones.

The influence of quinones and phenols on the triple NAD(H)-dependent enzyme systems.

Kinetics of the triple bioluminescent enzyme system: alcohol dehydrogenase--NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase--luciferase in the presence of quinones and phenols has been studied. The correspondence between the bioluminescent kinetic parameters, redox potentials and concentrations of the quinones and phenols has been estimated. The substances have been shown to change bioluminescent kinetics through moving off the NAD+/NADH balance in the enzyme processes.

Bringing impacted mandibular second premolars into occlusion.

Impaction of the mandibular second premolars is relatively rare and may offer general dentists and orthodontists special challenges during treatment. The authors discuss two cases involving impacted mandibular second premolars that had migrated before eruption. Surgical and orthodontic therapies were used to bring the teeth into occlusion.

Bioluminescent method in studying the complex effect of sewage components.

The inhibition of bacterial luminescence has been used in testing industrial enterprises sewage. The toxicity of the sewage is less than the total toxicity of separate components due to neutralization of quinone products of polyphenol oxidation in the reactions with the other phenol components of sewage. Toxicity increase is due to their influence on the cell membrane.

Maxillary canine-lateral incisor transposition--orthodontic management.

A case of maxillary canine-lateral incisor complete transposition is presented. Treatment options for transposed teeth, including alignment in their transposed positions, extraction of one or both transposed teeth, and orthodontic alignment to their normal positions in the arch, are discussed. The orthodontic technique and sequence used in this challenging case to align the fully transposed teeth to their normal position in the dental arch are described.

[Bioluminescent method of assessing the toxicity of colored substances in waste waters from celluose sulfate manufacture].

The aim of this work was to study the applicability of a bioluminescent technique for assaying the toxicity of solutions containing lignin sulfate and coloured compounds isolated from the sewage of the sulfate-cellulose industry after biological purification. Solutions of the studied compounds (pH 7.0) quenched the bioluminescence of the luminescent bacterium Beneckea harveyi in proportion to their colour index and their content of phenol hydroxyls.

[Elimination of quinones from aqueous environments by phenols and the effect of their mixtures on the luminescence of Beneckea harveyi bacteria].

In the mixture of hydroquinone with other phenols the content of quinones has been measured by potentiometrical and polarographical methods. The decrease of quinone content in the mixture in comparison with the pure solution has been noted. The toxicity of solution estimated according to extinction of luminescence of bacteria at adding other phenols decreases.

[Quenching of the luminescence of phosphorescent bacteria as a test for assessing the toxicity of the phenol components of sewage].

The object of this work was to estimate whether the luminescence of luminescent bacteria could be used as a biological test for assessment of the toxicity of phenol compounds in sewage. The toxicity of phenol compounds for luminescent bacteria was compared in terms of three indices: the quenching of luminescence, the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity and the ability to grow. Among the three indices, the quenching of luminescence was characterized by the highest sensitivity and the most rapid response.