Protocol for Immune Cell Isolation, Organoid Generation, and Co-culture Establishment from Cryopreserved Whole Human Intestine.

The human intestine plays a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and immune system regulation. Along the longitudinal axis, cell-type composition changes to meet the varying functional requirements. Therefore, our protocol focuses on the processing of the whole human intestine to facilitate the analysis of region-specific characteristics such as tissue architecture and changes in cell populations.

Validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and prevalence of depression among adolescent mothers in a Cameroonian context.

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is the screening tool for perinatal depression, and its cut-off score varies according to context and population. In Cameroon, no study has yet defined a cut-off score or the prevalence of perinatal depression in adolescent mothers. Our aim is to determine the cut-off for teenage mothers in Cameroon.

Impact of statistical poly(propylene co-ethylene) on the thermo-mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene.

A series of high-density polyethylene and a statistical copolymer of poly(propylene-co-ethylene) blends in a wide range, namely (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60,70, 80, 90, 100) abbreviated as HDPE/VM were systematically investigated by using a rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and tensile tests. Rheometer results show that adding VM decreases dynamic viscosity, storage, and loss modulus. Han plot shows that HDPE and VM are compatible and miscible in the range from 20 to 60 VM % in the molten state.

Trends in sex differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely preterm infants.

Objective: To examine whether changes in survival without moderate or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18-26 months' corrected age from 1999 to 2018 differed between male and female infants.

Design: This retrospective cohort study used data from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network hospitals. Robust Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95% CIs for survival without moderate or severe NDI between males and females.

Selective Agonism of Liver and Gut FXR Prevents Cholestasis and Intestinal Atrophy in Parenterally Fed Neonatal Pigs.

Background & Aims: We aimed to investigate the relative efficacy of feeding different bile acids in preventing PNALD in neonatal pigs.

Methods: Newborn pigs given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) combined with minimal enteral feeding of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), or increasing doses of obeticholic acid (OCA) for 19 days.

Results: Enteral OCA (5 and 15 mg/kg), but not CDCA (30 mg/kg) reduced blood cholestasis markers compared to TPN controls and increased bile acids in the gallbladder and intestine.

Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation Lead to Severe Growth Failure in Infants.

Objective: We aimed to determine the incidence of growth failure in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) and whether initial laparotomy versus peritoneal drainage (PD) impacted the likelihood of growth failure.

Summary Background Data: Infants with surgical NEC and SIP have high mortality, and most have neurodevelopmental impairment and poor growth. Existing literature on growth outcomes for these infants is limited.

Iron starvation results in up-regulation of a probable siderophore transporter.

The response of the haloarchaeal model organism to iron starvation was analyzed at the proteome level by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Cells grown in minimal medium with normal iron levels were compared to those grown under low iron conditions, with samples being separated into membrane and cytoplasmic fractions in order to focus on import/export processes which are frequently associated with metal homeostasis. Iron starvation not only caused a severe retardation of growth but also altered the levels of many proteins.

Citrulline and ADI-PEG20 reduce inflammation in a juvenile porcine model of acute endotoxemia.

Background: Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that is depleted in critically ill or surgical patients. In pediatric and adult patients, sepsis results in an arginine-deficient state, and the depletion of plasma arginine is associated with greater mortality. However, direct supplementation of arginine can result in the excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), which can contribute to the hypotension and macrovascular hypo-reactivity observed in septic shock.

Human organoids with an autologous tissue-resident immune compartment.

The intimate relationship between the epithelium and immune system is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, with perturbations therein linked to autoimmune disease and cancer. Whereas stem cell-derived organoids are powerful models of epithelial function, they lack tissue-resident immune cells that are essential for capturing organ-level processes. We describe human intestinal immuno-organoids (IIOs), formed through self-organization of epithelial organoids and autologous tissue-resident memory T (T) cells, a portion of which integrate within the epithelium and continuously survey the barrier.

Use and utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) in neonatal early-onset sepsis: a secondary analysis of a prospective surveillance study.

Objective: Characterize C-reactive protein (CRP) within 72 postnatal hours in early-onset sepsis (EOS).

Study Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective surveillance study of neonates with EOS 2015-2017. We examined CRP use by center and neonatal characteristics, and CRP levels by time, neonatal characteristics, clinical signs, and pathogen.

Single chamber Mg/Ca analyses of Globigerinoides ruber for paleo-proxy calibration using femtosecond LA-ICP-MS.

Mg/Ca is an independent proxy in paleoceanography to reconstruct past seawater temperature. Femtosecond Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (fs-LA-ICP-MS) was employed to determine the Mg/Ca composition of tests (shells) of the planktic foraminifer species Globigerinoides ruber albus (white chromotype) and G. ruber ruber (red/pink chromotype) sampled alive from the temperate to subtropical eastern North Atlantic with the research sailing yacht Eugen Seibold.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Fed Donor Milk or Preterm Infant Formula: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Maternal milk feeding of extremely preterm infants during the birth hospitalization has been associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with preterm formula. For infants receiving no or minimal maternal milk, it is unknown whether donor human milk conveys similar neurodevelopmental advantages vs preterm formula.

Objective: To determine if nutrient-fortified, pasteurized donor human milk improves neurodevelopmental outcomes at 22 to 26 months' corrected age compared with preterm infant formula among extremely preterm infants who received minimal maternal milk.

IL11-mediated stromal cell activation may not be the master regulator of pro-fibrotic signaling downstream of TGFβ.

Fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic scleroderma (SSc), are commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality, thereby representing a significant unmet medical need. Interleukin 11 (IL11)-mediated cell activation has been identified as a central mechanism for promoting fibrosis downstream of TGFβ. IL11 signaling has recently been reported to promote fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, thus leading to various pro-fibrotic phenotypic changes.

SLE serum induces altered goblet cell differentiation and leakiness in human intestinal organoids.

Human intestinal epithelial cells are the interface between luminal content and basally residing immune cells. They form a tight monolayer that constantly secretes mucus creating a multilayered protective barrier. Alterations in this barrier can lead to increased permeability which is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Factors influencing cervical cancer re-screening in a semi-rural health district of Cameroon: a cohort study.

Background: Screening participation at recommended intervals is a crucial component of cervical cancer prevention effectiveness. However, little is known regarding the rate of re-screening in a Sub-Saharan context. This study aimed to estimate the re-screening rate of women in a semi-rural after an initial HPV-based screening and identify factors that influence adherence.

Short Term Coping-Behaviors and Postpartum Health in a Population-Based Study of Women with a Live Birth, Stillbirth, or Neonatal Death.

Objective: Responding to the National Institutes of Health Working Group's call for research on the psychological impact of stillbirth, we compared coping-related behaviors by outcome of an index birth (surviving live birth or perinatal loss - stillbirth or neonatal death) and, among individuals with loss, characterized coping strategies and their association with depressive symptoms 6-36 months postpartum.

Methods: We used data from the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network follow-up study (2006-2008) of 285 individuals who experienced a stillbirth, 691 a livebirth, and 49 a neonatal death. We conducted a thematic analysis of coping strategies individuals recommended following their loss.

Adverse Metabolic Phenotypes in Parenterally Fed Neonatal Pigs Do Not Persist into Adolescence.

Background: Nutrition during fetal and neonatal life is an important determinant for the risk of adult-onset diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether total parenteral nutrition (TPN) compared with enteral formula feeding [enteral nutrition (EN)] in term piglets during the first 2 wk after birth would increase the long-term (5-mo) development of metabolic syndrome phenotypes with adverse glucose homeostasis, fatty liver disease, and obesity.

Methods: Neonatal female pigs were administered TPN (n = 12) or fed enterally with a liquid enteral milk-replacer formula (EN, n = 12) for 14 d.

Pulsatile Leucine Administration during Continuous Enteral Feeding Enhances Skeletal Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling and Protein Synthesis in a Preterm Piglet Model.

Background: Continuous feeding does not elicit an optimal anabolic response in skeletal muscle but is required for some preterm infants. We reported previously that intermittent intravenous pulses of leucine (Leu; 800 μmol Leu·kg·h every 4 h) to continuously fed pigs born at term promoted mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.

Objectives: The aim was to determine the extent to which intravenous Leu pulses activate mTORC1 and enhance protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle of continuously fed pigs born preterm.

Preterm Pigs Fed Donor Human Milk Have Greater Liver β-Carotene Concentrations than Pigs Fed Infant Formula.

Background: Milk carotenoids may support preterm infant health and neurodevelopment. Infants fed human milk often have higher blood and tissue carotenoid concentrations than infants fed carotenoid-containing infant formula (IF). Donor human milk (DHM) is a supplement to mother's own milk, used to support preterm infant nutrition.

Use of term reference infants in assessing the developmental outcome of extremely preterm infants: lessons learned in a multicenter study.

Objective: Extremely preterm (EP) impairment rates are likely underestimated using the Bayley III norm-based thresholds scores and may be better assessed relative to concurrent healthy term reference (TR) infants born in the same hospital.

Study Design: Blinded, certified examiners in the Neonatal Research Network (NRN) evaluated EP survivors and a sample of healthy TR infants recruited near the 2-year assessment age.

Results: We assessed 1452 EP infants and 183 TR infants.

Probiotics and Human Milk Differentially Influence the Gut Microbiome and NEC Incidence in Preterm Pigs.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death caused by gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. Major risk factors include prematurity, formula feeding, and gut microbial colonization. Microbes have been linked to NEC, yet there is no evidence of causal species, and select probiotics have been shown to reduce NEC incidence in infants.