Two-photon activated two-photon fluorescence and binding of azidocoumarin in a gelatin matrix.

We study the creation of fluorescence patterns inside a gelatin gel by way of two-photon photoactivation of 7-azido-4-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benzopyrone (azidocomarin 151) contained in the gel matrix. As ultrafast light pulses are focused into the gel, onset of two-photon fluorescence, highly nonlinear in the applied optical power, is observed as azidocoumarin is converted into a fluorescent dye that binds to the gelatin. We fit the time dependence of the fluorescence to a model that incorporates the competition between coumarin photoactivation and photobleaching as well as the gradual degradation of the gel when it is exposed to the high intensity laser light.

Probing the photonic density of states using layer-by-layer self-assembly.

The process of spontaneous emission can be dramatically modified by optical microstructures and nanostructures. We have studied the modification of fluorescence dynamics using a variable thickness polymer spacer layer fabricated using layer-by-layer self-assembly with nanometer accuracy. The change in fluorescence lifetime with spacer layer thickness agrees well with theoretical predictions based on the modified photonic density of states (PDOS), and yields consistent values for the fluorophores' intrinsic fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield near a dielectric as well as a plasmonic interface.

Amine-rich polyelectrolyte multilayers for patterned surface fixation of nanostructures.

We describe a lithographic method for directly patterning the adhesive properties of amine-rich layer-by-layer assembled polymer films, useful for positioning metal and other nanostructures. The adhesive properties of the films are sufficiently robust that the films can be patterned with standard as opposed to soft lithographic methods. We perform the patterning with a lithographically defined evaporated aluminum mask which protects selected regions of the substrate, passivating adhesion in the exposed regions with acetic anhydride.

Restricted meniscus convective self-assembly.

Convective (or evaporation-induced) self-assembly is a standard technique for depositing uniform, poly-crystalline coatings of nanospheres across multiple square centimeters on the timescale of minutes. In this paper, we present a variation of this technique, where the drying meniscus is restricted by a straight-edge located approximately 100 microm above the substrate adjacent to the drying zone. Surprisingly, we find this technique to yield films at roughly twice the growth rate compared to the standard technique.

[Complications of the deep infections of the neck].

Deep infections of the neck are potentially life-threatening for their descending spread along cervical fascia planes towards the mediastinum and development of sepsis after thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. The aim of the present report is to review the complications of the deep neck infections and their surgical treatment for the period of the last 5 years. From 1999 to 2003 29 patients with deep cervical infections were treated surgically.

[Surgical complications of the deep infections of the neck].

The aim of the present report is to review the complications of the deep neck infections and their surgical treatment in the Institute for the last 5 years. From 1999 to 2003 29 patients with deep cervical infections were treated surgically. Twelve of the patients had submandibular abscess, 10 cases were with parapharyngeal abscess, 3 with Ludwig's angina, 1 with mastoiditis with exteriorization in the neck and 3 with neck phlegmonas.

[Expression of human papilloma virus (HPV) and P16ink4a in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and papilloma].

Unlabelled: p16ink4a Is a tumor-supressor gene and a key regulator of the cell cycle. The neoplastic cervical epithelium (squamous and cylindric) intensely expresses the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16ink4a. It was shown that the expression of p16ink4a in the squamous cervical cancer was induced by HPV.

[Surgical operations in women over 60 years of age in the gynecological practice (according to the data from Obstetric and Gynecology Clinic of Stara Zagora during 1998-2002 years)].

In period of 1998 to 2002 year in Klinik of Obstetric and Gynecology Stara Zagora was performed 2161 small and 1122 great gynecologic operations in women older 60 years. The most patients was in age of 60 to 70 years (79%), 17.9% was in age of 70 to 80 years and over 80 years was 2.

[Submucosal isthmicocervical myoma--problems of diagnosis, labor and puerperium].

A case of submucosal isthmicocervical myoma, 85 mm in diameter, diagnosed for first time during CS. The neonate is with atrophy of left m. sternocleidomastoideus and facial asymmetry due to impression in the left temporoparietal region, without neurological impairment.

[Surgical treatment of complicated gastrointestinal forms of non-Hodgkin lymphomas].

Authors represent their experience in surgical treatment of gastrointestinal forms of No-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) combined with adjuvant therapy. We also represent an Ann Arbor Staging System and an Updated Kiel Classification. From 1991 to 2001 we analyzed 39 patients with different localization of gastro-intestinal NHL's lymphomas.

[Congenital malformations in newborns during the period of 1995-1999 according to the department of obstetrics and gynecology--Stara Zagora].

Unlabelled: During the last 2-3 decades there is a tendency for increasing the rate of the congenital malformation of the fetus and newborn. Every year in Bulgaria 5000-6500 children are born with some defects. The purpose of this investigation is to show the rate of the congenital malformation as a reason for death among the newborn/babies in the Clinic of Obstetrics Stara Zagora during the period of 1995-1999 and some rick factors for the malformations.

[Microbiological investigation of the vaginal flora during pregnancy].

The infections complications during pregnancy and delivery are jet unsolved problem in obstetrics and neonatology. Most of them are due to anaerobic and aerobic organisms. The authors show the rate and distribution of the bacterial vaginal infections during pregnancy.

[An attempt for the creation a united working scheme for the comparative analysis of peritonitis].

Many attempTs have been made to create an universal classification of peritonitis. The aspirations of many authors to work out a scheme that is able to be in one and the same time thorough, simple and appLicable in practice, have been found to be unrealizable. This blank stimulate us to work up a scheme which will facilitate showing the nature of the pathological process, the analysis of the clinical data, the similarities and the differences in the development of the illness and the most important--to direct to the most rational operation.

[Surgery for uterine myoma].

The authors present one supervision of surgically activity and myoma of the uterus in the period 1995-2000 year. 456 women with myoma are surgical treatment; by 319 are perform LHT cum and., by 63-LHT sine and.

[The diagnostic and treatment problems in closed diaphragmatic trauma].

Twenty four patients with blunt trauma of the diaphragm comprise the study group. Four of them died of accompanying injuries in other anatomical regions. All patients had the left leaf of the diaphragm affected.

[Our clinical experience in treating endometriosis genitalis externa with the preparation Danoval].

By means of the serum level of estradiol and the vaginal smear indexes the antigonadotropic activity of the preparation Danoval (2-3-isoxasol-17-ethinyltestosterone) is indirectly evaluated on 15 infertility patients with laparoscopic proved endometriosis. After 5 month's course of treatment with 400 mg daily the level of estradiol decreased from 1.54 to 0.

[A clinical case of a spontaneous fistula between the common hepatic duct and the duodenum].

A case of a very rare complication--spontaneous fistula between a duodenal ulcer and the common biliary duct is presented. The diagnosis was made by various clinical investigations, the contrast X-ray examination being the most important. It allows the staining of the fistula and the intrahepatic biliary pathways.

[Gallstone ileus--the diagnostic and surgical problems].

After a brief review of the literature the authors discuss in an analytical and critical aspect the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and operative problems in biliary-calculus ileus. Three personal clinical observations are reported in women at mean age 68 years and a history of biliary calculosis dating many years back, associated with other accompanying diseases. Proceeding from available data in the literature and from their personal experience the authors consider the unsolved problems for operative management, both of the complications and of the underlying disease--the gall bladder calculosis and the biliodigestive fistula.