Neurocognitive profile of outpatients with unipolar depressive disorders.

: It is widely accepted that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impairments in several cognitive domains in inpatients, but cognitive functioning has barely been systematically investigated in depressed outpatients. The aims of the present study were to examine cognitive functioning in depressed outpatients in comparison with healthy controls and to determine whether cognitive deficits vary as a function of different disorder characteristics and demographic variables. : We compared 103 outpatients with recurrent MDD in an acute phase of the illness with 103 healthy controls matched on age, gender, and education level using a neuropsychological battery covering the domains of processing speed, attention, memory, working memory, and executive functions.

Biased neurocognitive self-perception in depressive and in healthy persons.

Background: Cognitive deficits across several domains and subjective complaints about cognition are prevalent in major depression disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, subjective and objective cognitive functions show no associations. However, research concerning the extent and direction of discrepancy is rare.

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity in adults: a review on efficacy, tolerability and safety of oral antimuscarinics.

Objectives: This review analyzed efficacy, tolerability and safety of oral antimuscarinic (AM) drugs in adults suffering from neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).

Methods: A comprehensive search of major literature bases was conducted to identify all references.

Results: Thirty studies, thereof 16 randomized controlled trials (RCT), enrolling 1479 patients were identified and included in the review.

Efficacy and tolerability of propiverine hydrochloride extended-release compared with immediate-release in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Study Design: Double-blind, randomised, multicentre study.

Objectives: Efficacy and tolerability of propiverine extended-release (ER) compared with immediate-release (IR) were evaluated in patients with proven neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).

Setting: Six Spinal Cord Injury Units located in Austria, Germany and Romania.

Management of difficult cases in female urology and neurourology at the Reed M. Nesbit society meeting. Festschrift in honor of Edward J. McGuire, MD.

This is a panel discussion of seven complex urologic cases in female urology and neurourology. Differences in diagnosis and management are discussed by this international panel of experts.

Trospium chloride and oxybutynin hydrochloride in a german study of adults with urinary urge incontinence: results of a 12-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, flexible-dose noninferiority trial.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine whether oral trospium chloride is noninferior to oxy-butynin for urinary urge incontinence and to evaluate its efficacy, tolerability, and health-related quality of life parameters.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, Phase IIIb trial conducted in Germany, male and female outpatients aged >or=18 years with documented urinary frequency (>or=8 micturitions/24 hours) plus urge incontinence (>or=5 episodes/week) were randomized to receive oral treatment with trospium chloride 15 mg TID or oxybutynin hydrochloride 2.5 mg TID for 12 weeks.

EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Context: Most patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) require life-long care to maintain their quality of life (QoL) and to maximise life expectancy.

Objective: To provide a summary of the 2008 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on NLUTD and to assess the effectiveness of currently available diagnostic tools, particularly ultrasound imaging and urodynamics.

Evidence Acquisition: The recommendations provided in the 2008 EAU guidelines on NLUTD are based on a review of the literature, using online searches of Medline and other source documents published between 2004 and 2007.

[Urological problems in patients with meningomyelocele. Diagnostic studies and management].

Since the 1980s the management of children and adolescents with meningomyelocele has undergone major changes. The introduction of pharmacotherapy with antimuscarinic agents, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and antibacterial prophylaxis has revolutionized the management of children with neurogenic bladder. The co-operation between neonatologists, neurosurgeons, paediatric neurologists, paediatricians, paediatric urologists, paediatric nephrologists, paediatric orthopaedists and paediatric surgeons is necessary to achieve an optimized therapy in each individual patient.

[Seven years of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity].

Background: A decompensated storage function with high pressures is the greatest risk factor regarding life expectancy and quality of life in patients with neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity. Previously, this problem could only be managed with administration of anticholinergic medications or--if this approach was either not effective enough or the patients exhibited drug intolerance--by invasive surgical interventions. The use of botulinum toxin type A to treat these patients rapidly proved to be a beneficial alternative to those two therapeutic options ever since its introduction in Germany in 1998 as a minimally invasive procedure and has become established worldwide.

[Quality of life in German-speaking patients with spinal cord injuries and bladder dysfunctions. Validation of the German version of the Qualiveen questionnaire].

Background: Neurogenic bladder dysfunctions in patients with spinal cord lesions may cause severe limitations in the quality of life (QoL). For assessment of QoL, a validated questionnaire in French is available. The goal of the study was to validate the German version of the questionnaire.

[Botulinum toxin for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity. Consensus paper on use for neurogenic bladder dysfunction].

Due to elevated intravesical storage pressures, neurogenic bladder dysfunction carries a high risk of renal damage. Thus, the goals of neurourologic treatment are reduction of intravesical storage pressure and intermittent bladder emptying in order to protect renal function and to achieve continence. If anticholinergic medication is either ineffective or intolerable, several open and controlled studies showed that the injection of botulinum toxin A into the detrusor muscle is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective treatment option.

Propiverine compared to oxybutynin in neurogenic detrusor overactivity--results of a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical study.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of propiverine and oxybutynin in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Methods: Patients were eligible, if at least 18 years of age and suffering from neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Eligibility also required a maximum cystometric capacity less than 300 ml.

Efficacy, tolerability and safety of propiverine hydrochloride in children and adolescents with congenital or traumatic neurogenic detrusor overactivity--a retrospective study.

Objectives: Anticholinergic treatment combined with intermittent catheterisation is the cornerstone of the conservative treatment strategy in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity, which in most cases is due to congenital causes. Efficacy, tolerability and safety of propiverine hydrochloride were evaluated retrospectively in these children.

Methods: At four specialized outpatient clinics, all children's records were scrutinized for first-line propiverine hydrochloride treatment, or second- or third-line treatment after failure of a non-selective alpha-blocker (phenoxybenzamine) and/or other anticholinergics (oxybutynin, trospium chloride).

[Neurourology. Current developments and therapeutic strategies].

There is no part of urology that has made so much progress in the last 25 years as neurourology. Seminal developments have been made in the selective effectiveness of drugs influencing neurogenic bladder dysfunction but having limited side effects. Additional advances are also likely to be made in the methods of functional electrostimulation and tissue engineering.

[Single-use intermittent catheterisation].

In patients with bladder dysfunctions, intermittent catheterisation is a bladder evacuation technique with a low complication rate. Therefore, it is regarded as the method of choice in the treatment of chronic residual urine, mostly due to a hypo- or acontractile detrusor. Regarding the incidence of urinary tract infections and urethral strictures, aseptic catheterisation seems to be superior to the clean technique.

Success of repeat detrusor injections of botulinum a toxin in patients with severe neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence.

Objectives: Detrusor injections with botulinum toxin type A are an effective treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity, lasting for 9-12 months. When the patients develop botulinum resistance, subsequent injections might be less effective. Repeat injections in patients with severe neurogenic detrusor overactivity and incontinence were studied.

Lack of ultrastructural detrusor changes following endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin type a in overactive neurogenic bladder.

Introduction: Endoscopical injections of Botulinum toxin type A into the detrusor muscle are gaining clinical acceptance in the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Structural effects of Botulinum toxin type A are only known from studies on striated muscles, where a widespread nerve sprouting occurs temporarily. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrastructural effects of Botulinum toxin type A injections on the human detrusor.

Effect of exercise on the mobilization of retinol and retinyl esters in plasma of sled dogs.

Fasting dogs do transport vitamin A (VA) in plasma not only as retinol but predominantly as retinyl esters. Contrary to retinol, nothing is known concerning the effects of athletic performance on plasma retinyl ester concentrations. The aim of this study was therefore to examine whether physical stress because of exercise and modification of the oxidative stress by supplementation of alpha-tocopherol influences the concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters in plasma of sled dogs.