Neoadjuvant Exercise Therapy in Prostate Cancer: A Phase 1, Decentralized Nonrandomized ControlledTrial.

Importance: Observational data have shown that postdiagnosis exercise is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer death. The feasibility and tumor biological activity of exercise therapy is not known.

Objective: To identify recommended phase 2 dose of exercise therapy for patients with prostate cancer.

Gerontological education: a pathway towards advancing the rights of older people.

Following the UN Human Rights Declaration in 1948, much effort has been undertaken to formalize the rights of older people. This article aims to highlight the role of education in advancing the rights of older people. Raising awareness and sharing knowledge about the rights of older people through rights-based education can empower students, when entering their field of work, to be advocates for rights within their employment settings and local communities.

Engaged Scholarship in Gerontology: Frank Caro's Lifetime Contributions.

Dr. Francis G. Caro, retired Professor of Gerontology at the University of Massachusetts Boston, Co-editor (1996-2005) and Editor-in-Chief (2005-2016) of the , passed away on October 2, 2020.

Effects and tolerability of exercise therapy modality on cardiorespiratory fitness in lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a cardinal feature of post-treatment primary lung cancer. The most effective exercise therapy regimen to improve CRF has not been determined.

Methods: In this parallel-group factorial randomized controlled trial, lung cancer survivors with poor CRF (below age-sex sedentary values) were randomly allocated to receive 48 consecutive supervised sessions thrice weekly of (i) aerobic training (AT)-cycle ergometry at 55% to >95% of peak oxygen consumption (VO peak); (ii) resistance training (RT)-lower and upper extremity exercises at 50-85% of maximal strength; (iii) combination training (CT)-AT plus RT; or (iv) stretching attention control (AC) for 16 weeks.

Spousal support underlying self-determined physical activity in adults with multiple sclerosis.

Aim: Identifying motivational factors that facilitate physical activity engagement in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) is important given beneficial health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity of adults with MS and perceived spousal behaviors underlying self-determination.

Methods: One-hundred and twelve individuals with MS completed the Patient Determined Disease Steps, Physical Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Spousal Support for Physical Activity Scale, and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire.

The impact of social networks on the relationship between functional impairment and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Background: To examine the role of meaningful relationship characteristics, defined here as social network type, in relation to the association between functional impairment and depressive symptoms.

Methods: The sample included respondents aged 65 years and older (n = 26,401) from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Respondents were classified into one of seven relationship network types (Distal Children (living at a distance), Proximal Family (living nearby), Spouse, Other Family, Friend, Other, and No Network) according to the predominant characteristics of their most meaningful relationships.

Social Network, Activity Participation, and Cognition: A Complex Relationship.

This study examined how two domains of engagement-social network and activity participation-associate with objective and subjective cognitive function in later life. Specific consideration was given as to how these two spheres intersect in regard to recall and memory. The analytic sample included Europeans aged 60 and older drawn from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe in which a new name-generated social network inventory was implemented.

Relationship status and depressive symptoms among older co-resident caregivers.

Objectives: Informal caregiving has been found to be burdensome and is associated with depression among older caregivers. These outcomes are often accentuated when caregivers and care recipients co-reside. The current study aims to examine whether the status of the relationship between caregiver and care recipient lessens the negative outcomes commonly associated with informal caregiving.

Confidant network types and well-being among older europeans.

Purpose Of The Study: To derive a typology of confidant networks among older adults in Europe and to examine them in relation to country differences and well-being (CASP-12).

Design And Methods: The study population was composed of persons aged 65 and older in 16 countries from the 4th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (N = 28,697). K-means cluster analysis was applied to data from a newly implemented name-generating network inventory.

Social network and mobility improvement among older Europeans: the ambiguous role of family ties.

This study examined the social network correlates of improvement in lower extremity mobility among respondents aged 65 and older from the longitudinal sample of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The study focused on those who self-reported having difficulties with four lower extremity functions: (1) walking 100 m; (2) rising from a seated position; (3) climbing flights of steps; and (4) stooping, kneeling, or crouching. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that social networks were variously associated with improvement in lower extremity function at the two-year follow-up.

Response of plasma fatty acid profiles to changes in dietary n-3 fatty acids and its correlation with erythrocyte fatty acid profiles in dogs.

An elevated level of long-chain n-3 fatty acids (FA) in tissue membranes has a positive influence on the progression and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, dietary supplementation of n-3 FA is recommended in some diseases. Even though n-3 FA are absorbed readily from the diet, their incorporation into tissues may be compromised in diseased animals.

Fatty acid patterns of dog erythrocyte membranes after feeding of a fish-oil based DHA-rich supplement with a base diet low in n-3 fatty acids versus a diet containing added n-3 fatty acids.

Background: In dogs, increasing the tissue n-3 fatty acid (FA) content is associated with potential benefit in some medical conditions, e.g. atopic dermatitis, cancer or heart disease.

Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of alitretinoin in moderate or severe chronic hand eczema.

Background: Recent studies have found that alitretinoin can induce clinically significant responses in subjects with severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) unresponsive to topical corticosteroids.

Aims: To assess the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy and safety of alitretinoin 10 or 30 mg once daily.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind study, which enrolled 32 subjects aged 18-75 years with CHE unresponsive to potent topical corticosteroids.

Influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of oral alitretinoin (9-cis retinoic acid).

Background: Previous studies have shown that concomitant administration of food may enhance the bioavailability of oral retinoids.

Aim: To assess the influence of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of alitretinoin after a single oral dose.

Methods: This was a single-dose, open-label, randomized, crossover study, which enrolled 30 healthy men, aged 18-44 years.

Effect of mild and moderate liver disease on the pharmacokinetics of isavuconazole after intravenous and oral administration of a single dose of the prodrug BAL8557.

Isavuconazole is a promising new antifungal drug with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and excellent activity against a number of fungi. It is administered as a water-soluble prodrug (BAL8557) that is cleaved by plasma esterases to isavuconazole, which is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism. The objective of this investigation was to assess the effect of alcohol-related liver disease on the pharmacokinetics of isavuconazole.

[Relative bioavailability of an optimised galenical formulation of mefloquine].

The bioequivalence of an optimised formulation of a generic mefloquine (Mephaquin Lactabs/Test) compared to the reference product under fed conditions was assessed in a GCP/ICH conformable study. A standard two-way randomised crossover design with a 9 week washout period between treatments was used. Blood samples for determination of mefloquine concentrations for calculation of Cmax and AUC were collected at pre-dose and at predefined intervals up to 2016 hours after administration of a single oral dose of 750 mg.

High-dose omeprazole: use of a multiple-dose study design to assess bioequivalence and accuracy of CYP2C19 phenotyping.

The objectives of this multiple-dose study were to compare the performance of a new formulation of omeprazole (40 mg) with that of an established formulation and to assess the accuracy of CYP2C19 phenotyping during high-dose chronic administration. Twenty-eight healthy subjects were randomized (1:1) to receive 40 mg of either Gasec-40 Gastrocaps (Mepha) or Antra 40 (Astra) daily for 5 days. The pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and the omeprazole/5'-hydroxyomeprazole ratio 3 hours postdose were assessed on day 5.

Stability of cephalosporin prodrug esters in human intestinal juice: implications for oral bioavailability.

The levels of degradation of cefetamet pivoxil (CAT), cefuroxime axetil (CAE), and cefpodoxime proxetil (CPD) in 0.6 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and human intestinal juice (pH 7.

Prospective comparison of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime for the short-term treatment of bacterial meningitis in children.

The effectiveness and safety of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime in the short-term treatment of primary bacterial meningitis were compared using a prospective, randomized, multicenter study design. Children between the ages of 6 weeks and 16 years received either ceftriaxone as a single dose (100 mg/kg on the first day followed by 75 mg/kg/day) or cefotaxime as four divided doses (200 mg/kg/day) for 4-7 days. A total of 82 patients (44 ceftriaxone, 38 cefotaxime) with documented bacteria in the CSF were studied.

Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in patients undergoing continuous veno-venous hemofiltration.

Continuous hemofiltration is used widely in the management of patients with acute renal failure, but administration guidelines for many drugs have yet to be established. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone were compared in patients with normal renal function (n = 9), mild renal insufficiency (n = 5), and acute renal failure receiving continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (n = 6). Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined under steady state conditions.

Penetration of cefetamet pivoxil and cefuroxime axetil into the maxillary sinus mucosa at steady state.

The penetration of cefetamet and cefuroxime into the maxillary sinus mucosa after the administration of cefetamet pivoxil and cefuroxime axetil was investigated in patients undergoing elective surgery of the maxillary sinus. A total of 27 patients, 13 for cefetamet pivoxil and 14 for cefuroxime axetil, ranging from 15 to 70 years of age participated in this study. Each patient received three oral doses of either one tablet of cefetamet pivoxil (500 mg of GLOBOCEF) or two film tablets of cefuroxime axetil (125 and 250 mg of ZINAT) every 12 h.

Influence of maturation and growth on cefetamet pivoxil pharmacokinetics: rational dosing for infants.

The pharmacokinetics of intravenous (i.v.) cefetamet and the bioavailability of oral cefetamet pivoxil in infants aged 3.