USP11 deubiquitinates RAE1 and plays a key role in bipolar spindle formation.

Correct segregation of the mitotic chromosomes into daughter cells is a highly regulated process critical to safeguard genome stability. During M phase the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures that all kinetochores are correctly attached before its inactivation allows progression into anaphase. Upon SAC inactivation, the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ligase ubiquitinates and targets cyclin B and securin for proteasomal degradation.

Serine is a new target residue for endogenous ADP-ribosylation on histones.

ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is a biologically and clinically important post-translational modification, but little is known about the amino acids it targets on cellular proteins. Here we present a proteomic approach for direct in vivo identification and quantification of ADPr sites on histones. We have identified 12 unique ADPr sites in human osteosarcoma cells and report serine ADPr as a new type of histone mark that responds to DNA damage.

The Consequences of Replicating in the Wrong Orientation: Bacterial Chromosome Duplication without an Active Replication Origin.

Unlabelled: Chromosome replication is regulated in all organisms at the assembly stage of the replication machinery at specific origins. In Escherichia coli, the DnaA initiator protein regulates the assembly of replication forks at oriC. This regulation can be undermined by defects in nucleic acid metabolism.

Avoiding chromosome pathology when replication forks collide.

Chromosome duplication normally initiates through the assembly of replication fork complexes at defined origins. DNA synthesis by any one fork is thought to cease when it meets another travelling in the opposite direction, at which stage the replication machinery may simply dissociate before the nascent strands are finally ligated. But what actually happens is not clear.

On the viability of Escherichia coli cells lacking DNA topoisomerase I.

Background: Manipulations of the DNA double helix during replication, transcription and other nucleic acid processing cause a change of DNA topology, which results in torsional stress. This stress is relaxed by DNA topoisomerases, a class of enzymes present in all domains of life. Negatively supercoiled DNA is relaxed by type IA topoisomerases that are widespread in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.

Training to improve reading speed in patients with juvenile macular dystrophy: a randomized study comparing two training methods.

Purpose: In this study, we examined the clinical application of two training methods for optimizing reading ability in patients with juvenile macular dystrophy with established eccentric preferred retinal locus and optimal use of low-vision aids.

Method: This randomized study included 36 patients with juvenile macular dystrophy (35 with Stargardt's disease and one with Best's disease). All patients have been using individually optimized low-vision aids.

Renal artery pressure gradients in patients with angiographic evidence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.

From October 1979 to August 1991, 231 patients underwent renal artery balloon angioplasty at The Ohio State University Hospitals. Atherosclerotic renal vascular disease was present in 171 of these patients. From this cohort, 138 patients undergoing their first angioplasty had renal artery pressure gradients performed before and after renal artery angioplasty.

Transhepatic dilatation of choledochoenterostomy strictures.

During the last seven years percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (THD) was used in 13 patients to relieve obstructive jaundice caused by postsurgical stricture. Nine patients had internal drainage with dilatation, and external drainage alone was feasible or available in 4 patients. Of these 4, 2 had further reconstructive surgery without lasting results, jaundice was not completely relieved in 1 because of biliary cirrhosis, and 1 died in hepatic coma from sclerosing cholangitis.