Failure of an attempt to eradicate southern sting nematode () from the Brisbane Cricket Ground (the Gabba).

When the Grand Final of the Australian Football League (AFL) was played at the Brisbane Cricket Ground (the Gabba) in October 2020, small rolls of turf from Victoria were laid at the three player entrances. This turf was infested with southern sting nematode () and so it was removed, the infested sites were fumigated, and nematicides were applied in an attempt to eliminate the nematode. Results published in September 2021 indicated that this appeared to have been successful, as was not detected in a post-treatment monitoring program.

Plant-parasitic nematodes on turfgrass in Queensland, Australia, and biosecurity issues associated with the interstate transfer and eradication of southern sting nematode ().

Southern sting nematode (), by far the most damaging nematode pest of turfgrass in Australia, was first reported from the Newcastle area of New South Wales in 1979 and is now widely distributed in the Central Coast region of NSW; is causing severe damage to sportsgrounds in Perth, Western Australia; and has been reported from a few locations in other states. This paper reports a recent example of interstate transfer, as small rolls of turf transferred from a turf nursery in Victoria to the Brisbane Cricket Ground (the Gabba) for the Australian Football League Grand Final in October 2020 were found to be infested with . Despite this transfer, evidence is provided to suggest that Queensland should be considered provisionally free of .

The Mesostigmatid Mite , an Effective Predator of Free-Living and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes.

was extracted from a sugarcane field in Australia and cultured on bacterial-feeding nematodes. Studies with various nematodes in laboratory arenas showed that one mite and its progeny reduced nematode numbers by between 26 and 50 nematodes/day. A bacterivore ( sp.

Factors associated with the suppressiveness of sugarcane soils to plant-parasitic nematodes.

Observations in three Australian sugarcane fields suggested that the soil just under the trash blanket (the covering of crop residue that remains on the soil surface after crops are harvested) was suppressive to plant-parasitic nematodes. Roots were concentrated in this upper layer of soil but plant-parasitic nematode populations were relatively low and roots showed few signs of nematode damage. Root biomass was much lower 15 cm further down the soil profile, where root health was poor and populations of plant-parasitic nematodes were 3-5 times higher than near the soil surface.

Stenotrophomonas and Lysobacter: ubiquitous plant-associated gamma-proteobacteria of developing significance in applied microbiology.

The exploration of new source materials and the use of alternative isolation and identification methods have led to rapid expansion in the knowledge of diversity; in Lysobacter, 11 new species having been described since 2005, and in Stenotrophomonas with six new species since 2000. The new species of Lysobacter, isolated by dilution and direct plating on standard media, differ in several key phenotypic properties from those obtained by enrichment on complex polysaccharides in the original description of the genus. Revision of the definition of the genus will be required.

Empirical Relationships between Species Richness, Evenness, and Proportional Diversity.

Diversity (or biodiversity) is typically measured by a species count (richness) and sometimes with an evenness index; it may also be measured by a proportional statistic that combines both measures (e.g., Shannon-Weiner index or H').

Production of leucinostatins and nematicidal activity of Australian isolates of Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson.

Aims: To evaluate the relationship between leucinostatin production by Paecilomyces lilacinus isolates and their biological activities.

Methods And Results: The nematicidal, parasitic and enzymatic activity of Australian P. lilacinus isolates were investigated.

Violence in A&E departments: a systematic review of the literature.

Violence against A&E staff is increasing, and national initiatives have been implemented to counter the threat to staff. The aim of this paper is to determine the risks to staff of working in A&E and to determine methods of risk-reduction, using searches of literature and web-based resources. There is also critical appraisal of the data therein.

Lung volume reduction surgery in emphysema: a systematic review.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding the safety and efficacy of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) in patients with emphysema. Studies on LVRS to August 2000 were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, Current Contents, and the Cochrane Library. Human studies of patients with upper, lower or diffuse distributions of emphysema were included.

Behaviour plasticity without learning: phenotypic and genetic variation of naïve Daphnia in an ecological trade-off.

The swimming behaviour of adult Daphnia largely governs their depth, which has a direct effect on both individual foraging success and predation avoidance. We treated individual swimming behaviour as a threshold character and used directional changes in average clonal depth within experimental tubes as a test for character plasticity. We compared the swimming behaviours of two cohabiting, phenotypically similar Daphnia (Daphnia galeata and Daphnia galeata-Daphnia rosea hybrid) to determine (1) whether there is inherited variation (H(2)) for different traits (responses to hunger and predator cues); (2) whether changes in genetic parameters (norm of reaction and character state) across four environments could be simulated by combinations of the presence or absence of a predator cue and high or low hunger levels; and (3) whether these Daphnia would respond to directional selection, particularly in a trade-off environment (high hunger and predator cue treatments).

Four characters in a trade-off: dissecting their phenotypic and genetic relations.

Phenotypic characters may covary negatively because they are in a trade-off or positively because they contribute to a single function. Genetic correlations can be used to test the validity and generality of these functional relationships by indicating the level of genetic integration and checking the conditions under which they are expressed. Phenotypic correlations indicate that there is a widespread trade-off between flight capability and early fecundity in insects.

THE EVOLUTION OF THRESHOLD TRAITS: A QUANTITATIVE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND LIFE-HISTORY CORRELATES OF WING DIMORPHISM IN THE SAND CRICKET.

Many traits are phenotypically discrete but polygenically determined. Such traits can be understood using the threshold model of quantitative genetics that posits a continuously distributed underlying trait, called the liability, and a threshold of response, individuals above the threshold displaying one morph and individuals below the threshold displaying the alternate morph. For many threshold traits the liability probably consists of a hormone or a suite of hormones.

Clinicopathological correlates of cardiac myxomas: a 30-year experience.

Between 1961 and 1991, 23 patients (eight men and 15 women, with a mean age of 50 (range 25-72) years) with cardiac myxomas were managed at the Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia. Symptoms of mitral valve obstruction were present in 13 patients and of systemic embolism in nine. In the patients, 21 myxomas were confined to the left atrium.

An intelligent ultrasonic inspection system for flooded member detection in offshore structures.

An ultrasonic system for automatic underwater inspection of steel jacket offshore installation is described. It is based on the unambiguous detection of water ingress in normally sealed tubular members, thereby providing an indication of through-wall structural failure. A novel transducer design, based on a dual frequency array of 1-3 connectivity thickness drive transducers, is used to provide the required sensitivity and act also as an environmental monitor for input to an expert system, which performs automatic data analysis.

Haloperidol decanoate v. fluphenazine decanoate as maintenance therapy in chronic schizophrenic in-patients.

In a double-blind study of 38 chronic schizophrenic in-patients, haloperidol decanoate was compared with fluphenazine decanoate as maintenance therapy over 60 weeks. Both drugs were given by injection at 4-week intervals. Haloperidol and fluphenazine were assumed to be equipotent; the mean starting dose of the former was 127 mg and of the latter 106 mg.

Pathology of the flexor tendon sheath in the spontaneous carpal tunnel syndrome.

The histological features of the flexor tendon sheath in the spontaneous carpal tunnel syndrome were studied. The main differences between our findings and previous studies were twofold. Firstly a striking absence of inflammation in our material and secondly the diversity of the pathological changes encountered--alterations in the connective tissue especially the collagen; proliferation with thickening of the tissues of the tendon sheath; fibrosis; amyloid deposition; oedema; vascular lesions including thickening of vessels walls, intimal hyperplasia, and thrombosis; and a foreign body giant cell reaction.