Association between atopic disease and vaccination granulomas: A nested case-control study.

Background: Vaccination granulomas are observed in 1% of all children vaccinated with an aluminium-adsorbed vaccine. Most children with granulomas also have aluminium contact allergy (CA). CA and atopic diseases are both highly prevalent among children and may be associated.

Adverse reactions after oral provocation with aluminium in children with vaccination granulomas and aluminium contact allergy.

Background: According to their parents, some children with aluminium contact allergy and vaccination granulomas may react to aluminium-containing foods by developing dermatitis, granuloma itch and subjective symptoms.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine whether oral intake of aluminium-containing pancakes can cause adverse events and/or systemic contact dermatitis (SCD) in children with vaccination granulomas and aluminium contact allergy.

Patients/methods: A total of 15 children aged 3-9 years (mean age, 5 years) with vaccination granulomas and positive patch-test results to aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2%/10% pet.

Risk factors for granulomas in children following immunization with aluminium-adsorbed vaccines: A Danish population-based cohort study.

Background: Aluminium-adsorbed vaccines may in some children cause severely itching nodules at the injection site, known as vaccination granulomas.

Objective: To investigate vaccine-, child- and maternal-level risk factors for the development of vaccination granulomas following immunization with aluminium-adsorbed vaccines.

Methods: A Danish population-based cohort study with 553 932 children born in Denmark from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018, vaccinated with an aluminium-adsorbed vaccine during the first year of life, followed until 31 December 2020.

Does aluminium in sunscreens cause dermatitis in children with aluminium contact allergy: A repeated open application test study.

Background: Parents report that children with aluminium contact allergy and vaccination granulomas may react to aluminium-containing sunscreen following application.

Objectives: To evaluate whether contact dermatitis develops following repeated application of aluminium-containing sunscreens in children with aluminium sensitization and vaccination granulomas.

Methods: Sixteen children aged 2-9 years (mean age 5 years) with vaccination granulomas and a positive patch test reaction to aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2%/10% petrolatum completed a blinded repeated open application test (ROAT) with two daily applications of two sunscreens for 14 days.

Aluminium contact allergy without vaccination granulomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aluminium contact allergy is mainly seen as granulomas following immunization with aluminium-adsorbed vaccines and contact allergy following epicutaneous exposure may be overlooked. To investigate the prevalence of aluminium allergy confirmed by patch testing, with no association with vaccination granulomas, and explore whether epicutaneous exposure to aluminium can contribute to allergic contact dermatitis. Two authors independently searched PubMed and MEDLINE (OVID) for case studies on contact allergy to aluminium proven by patch testing.

Children with vaccination granulomas and aluminum contact allergy: Evaluation of predispositions, avoidance behavior, and quality of life.

Background: Aluminum contact allergy is mostly seen in children with vaccination granulomas, following immunization with aluminum-adsorbed childhood vaccines.

Objectives: To characterize a cohort of children with vaccination granulomas and aluminum allergy concerning early life conditions, exacerbating factors, avoidance behavior, treatments, and potential impact on quality of life.

Methods: A questionnaire study was conducted among 177 children aged 0 to 15 years with vaccination granulomas and aluminum allergy, and a reference group of 61 children aged 3 to 14 years with various types of dermatitis undergoing patch testing.

Associations between diabetic retinopathy and plasma levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein or von Willebrand factor in long-term type 1 diabetic patients.

Purpose: To evaluate high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and von Willebrand factor as possible plasma markers of diabetic retinopathy in a population-based cohort of type 1 diabetic patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 201 type 1 diabetic patients from a population-based cohort from Fyn County, Denmark. Plasma levels of hs-CRP and von Willebrand factor antigen were measured and related to the level of diabetic retinopathy (DR) as evaluated by dilated nine-field 45 degree monoscopic fundus photos captured by Topcon TRC-NWS6 and graded according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) adaptation of the modified Airlie House classification of DR.