Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Powder-Treated Fingermarks on Forensic Gelatin Lifters and its Application for Separating Overlapping Fingermarks.

Fingermarks are frequently collected at crime scenes by using gelatin lifters for preservation and transport of the marks to a forensic laboratory for inspection. The gelatin lifters preserve both the imprint of the fingermark pattern necessary for identification purposes and the chemical residue of the mark potentially useful for profiling the person who left the fingermark. The fingermark patterns are traditionally recorded using photography/optical imaging, but methods for chemical analysis of fingermark residues on gelatin lifters are scarce.

Patient-reported outcome measures as determinants for the utilization of health care among outpatients with epilepsy: a prognostic cohort study.

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures can inform clinical decision making and planning of treatment in the health care system. The aim of this study was to examine whether patient-reported health domains influence the use of health care services in outpatients with epilepsy.

Methods: This was a prognostic cohort study of 2,426 epilepsy outpatients referred to PRO-based follow-up at the Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.

Effect of early two-dose measles vaccination on childhood mortality and modification by maternal measles antibody in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: A single-centre open-label randomised controlled trial.

Background: Early 2-dose measles vaccine (MV) at 4 and 9 months of age vs. the WHO strategy of MV at 9 months of age reduced all-cause child mortality in a previous trial. We aimed to test two hypotheses: 1) a 2-dose strategy reduces child mortality between 4 and 60 months of age by 30%; 2) receiving early MV at 4 months in the presence versus absence of maternal measles antibodies (MatAb) reduces child mortality by 35%.

A novel clinical applicable bed-side tool for assessing conditioning pain modulation: proof-of-concept.

Background and aims In recent years, focus on assessing descending pain modulation or conditioning pain modulation (CPM) has emerged in patients with chronic pain. This requires reliable and simple to use bed-side tools to be applied in the clinic. The aim of the present pilot study was to develop and provide proof-of-concept of a simple clinically applicable bed-side tool for assessing CPM.

Changes in the quadriceps spinal reflex pathway after repeated sprint cycling are not influenced by ischemic preconditioning.

Purpose: We examined the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on changes in muscle force, activation, and the spinal reflex pathway during and after repeated sprint cycling.

Methods: Eight recreationally active men (high-intensity cardiorespiratory training > 3 times per week, > 6 months) completed two exercise sessions (5 sets of 5 cycling sprints, 150% max W), preceded by either IPC (3 × 5 min leg occlusions at 220 mmHg) or SHAM (3 × 5 min at 20 mmHg). Knee extensor maximal force and rate of force were measured before (PRE), immediately post (POST), 1H, and 24H after cycling.

Effect of an Early Dose of Measles Vaccine on Morbidity Between 18 Weeks and 9 Months of Age: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Guinea-Bissau.

Background: Children in Guinea-Bissau receive measles vaccine (MV) at 9 months of age, but studies have shown that an additional dose before 9 months of age might have beneficial nonspecific effects. Within a randomized trial designed to examine nonspecific effects of early MV receipt on mortality, we conducted a substudy to investigate the effect of early MV receipt on morbidity.

Methods: Children were randomly assigned at a ratio of 2:1 to receive 2 doses of MV at 18 weeks and age 9 months (intervention group) or 1 dose of MV at age 9 months, in accordance with current practice (control group).

Human milk oligosaccharide effects on intestinal function and inflammation after preterm birth in pigs.

Unlabelled: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) may mediate prebiotic and anti-inflammatory effects in newborns. This is particularly important for preterm infants who are highly susceptible to intestinal dysfunction and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesized that HMO supplementation of infant formula (IF) improves intestinal function, bacterial colonization and NEC resistance immediately after preterm birth, as tested in a preterm pig model.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Refeeding Syndrome in Head and Neck Cancer Patients-An Observational Study.

This study aimed to determine the incidence rates of refeeding phenomena (defined as a decline in p-phosphate) and refeeding syndrome (RFS; defined as development of clinical symptoms in addition to a decline in p-phosphate) in head and neck cancer patients, and to identify risk factors. Fifty-four head and neck cancer patients referred for surgery were included. Forty-six potential risk factors were registered at the baseline, and p-phosphate was measured at Days 2, 4, and 7.

Bovine colostrum improves neonatal growth, digestive function, and gut immunity relative to donor human milk and infant formula in preterm pigs.

Mother's own milk is the optimal first diet for preterm infants, but donor human milk (DM) or infant formula (IF) is used when supply is limited. We hypothesized that a gradual introduction of bovine colostrum (BC) or DM improves gut maturation, relative to IF during the first 11 days after preterm birth. Preterm pigs were fed gradually advancing doses of BC, DM, or IF (3-15 ml·kg(-1)·3 h(-1), n = 14-18) before measurements of gut structure, function, microbiology, and immunology.

α1,2-Fucosyllactose Does Not Improve Intestinal Function or Prevent Escherichia coli F18 Diarrhea in Newborn Pigs.

Objectives: Infectious diarrhea, a leading cause of morbidity and deaths, is less prevalent in breastfed infants compared with infants fed infant formula. The dominant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), α-1,2-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), has structural homology to bacterial adhesion sites in the intestine and may in part explain the protective effects of human milk. We hypothesized that 2'-FL prevents diarrhea via competitive inhibition of pathogen adhesion in a pig model for sensitive newborn infants.

Evaluation of a clinical simulation-based assessment method for EHR-platforms.

In a procurement process assessment of issues like human factors and interaction between technology and end-users can be challenging. In a large public procurement of an Electronic health record-platform (EHR-platform) in Denmark a clinical simulation-based method for assessing and comparing human factor issues was developed and evaluated. This paper describes the evaluation of the method, its advantages and disadvantages.

Clinical simulation as a boundary object in design of health IT-systems.

Healthcare organizations are very complex, holding numerous stakeholders with various approaches and goals towards the design of health IT-systems. Some of these differences may be approached by applying the concept of boundary objects in a participatory IT-design process. Traditionally clinical simulation provides the opportunity to evaluate the design and the usage of clinical IT-systems without endangering the patients and interrupting clinical work.

Fidelity in clinical simulation: how low can you go?

Clinical simulation may be used to identify user needs for context sensitive functionalities in e-Health. The objective with this paper is to describe how user requirements and use cases in a large EHR-platform procurement may be validated by clinical simulation using a very low-fidelity prototype without any existing test data. Instead of using test scenarios and use cases, the healthcare professionals who are participating in the clinical simulation are generating both scenario and patient data themselves.

Use of clinical simulation for assessment in EHR-procurement: design of method.

In Denmark, two large regions cooperate in a public intervention process of acquiring a new eHealth-platform to support the daily clinical work of approximately 40,000 users in 14 hospitals. It is essential that the new platform, besides fulfilling comprehensive detailed specifications, supports the daily work practice consisting of numerous mixed tasks executed by many different clinical actors in various settings. Within health informatics it has proven beneficial to use human factors approaches in the design process to secure systems that are responsive to the actual field of application.

Achieving IT-supported standardized nursing documentation through participatory design.

In the Capital Region of Denmark a full-scale pilot project on IT-supported nursing documentation is - after running for two months at one full university hospital - showing promising results. In this paper we discuss participatory design as a method to design clinical documentation templates that support guideline-based highly structured standard documentation in a large organization with many stakeholders. Applying a participatory design (PD) approach at many organizational levels has involved the stakeholders actively in the design process.

Prognostic value of periodic electroencephalographic discharges for neurological patients with profound disturbances of consciousness.

Objective: To examine if periodic EEG discharges (PDs) predict poor outcome and development of epilepsy in patients with acute brain illnesses irrespective of underlying cerebral pathology.

Methods: In case-control study we retrospectively analyzed outcome of 102 patients with PDs and 102 age-, gender- and etiology matched controls without PDs.

Results: Of cases, 46.

Reversible neural stem cell niche dysfunction in a model of multiple sclerosis.

Objective: The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain constitutes a niche for neural stem and progenitor cells that can initiate repair after central nervous system (CNS) injury. In a relapsing-remitting model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the neural stem cells (NSCs) become activated and initiate regeneration during acute disease, but lose this ability during the chronic phases of disease. We hypothesized that chronic microglia activation contributes to the failure of the NSC repair potential in the SVZ.

Multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy reveals microglia-associated myelin and axonal dysfunction in multiple sclerosis-like lesions in mice.

Myelin loss and axonal degeneration predominate in many neurological disorders; however, methods to visualize them simultaneously in live tissue are unavailable. We describe a new imaging strategy combining video rate reflectance and fluorescence confocal imaging with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy tuned to CH(2) vibration of myelin lipids, applied in live tissue of animals with chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our method allows monitoring over time of demyelination and neurodegeneration in brain slices with high spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.

Paradoxical dysregulation of the neural stem cell pathway sonic hedgehog-Gli1 in autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Neurovascular niches have been proposed as critical components of the neural stem cell (NSC) response to acute central nervous system injury; however, it is unclear whether these potential reparative niches remain functional during chronic injury. Here, we asked how central nervous system inflammatory injury regulates the intrinsic properties of NSCs and their niches.

Methods: We investigated the sonic hedgehog (Shh)-Gli1 pathway, an important signaling pathway for NSCs, in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS), and its regulation by inflammatory cytokines.

Localizing central nervous system immune surveillance: meningeal antigen-presenting cells activate T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Objective: The onset of neurological signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is tightly associated with infiltration and reactivation of T cells in the central nervous system. The anatomic localization of the initial T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interactions leading to reactivation of T cells in the central nervous system is, however, still unclear. We hypothesized that activated CD4(+) T cells gain direct access to the subarachnoid space and become reactivated on encounter with cognate antigen in this compartment.

Gaboxadol -- a different hypnotic profile with no tolerance to sleep EEG and sedative effects after repeated daily dosing.

Gaboxadol, a selective extra synaptic GABA(A) receptor agonist, has been in clinical development for the treatment of insomnia. Development of tolerance to therapeutic effects (e.g.

Persistent activation of microglia is associated with neuronal dysfunction of callosal projecting pathways and multiple sclerosis-like lesions in relapsing--remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Cortical pathology, callosal atrophy and axonal loss are substrates of progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we describe cortical, periventricular subcortical lesions and callosal demyelination in relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice that are similar to lesions found in MS. Unlike the T-cell infiltrates that peak during acute disease, we found that microglia activation persists through the chronic disease phase.

Tradescantia micronucleus test indicates genotoxic potential of traffic emissions in European cities.

Urban atmospheres contain complex mixtures of air pollutants including mutagenic and carcinogenic substances such as benzene, diesel soot, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the frame of a European network for the assessment of air quality by the use of bioindicator plants, the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) test was applied to examine the genotoxicity of urban air pollution. Cuttings of Tradescantia clone #4430 were exposed to ambient air at 65 monitoring sites in 10 conurbations employing a standardised methodology.