Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are present in high numbers in milk of lactating women. They are beneficial to gut health and the habitant microbiota, but less is known about their effect on cells from the immune system. In this study, we investigated the direct effect of three structurally different HMOs on human derived macrophages before challenge with ().
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTherapies that target and aid the host immune defense to repel cancer cells or invading pathogens are rapidly emerging. Antibiotic resistance is among the largest threats to human health globally. () is the most common bacterial infection, and it poses a challenge to the healthcare system due to its significant ability to develop resistance toward current available therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSCFAs are primarily produced in the colon by bacterial fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates. Besides providing energy, SCFAs can suppress development of colon cancer. The mechanism, however, remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis among the leading causes of bacterial infections worldwide. The pathogenicity and establishment of infections are tightly linked to its ability to modulate host immunity. Persistent infections are often associated with mutant staphylococcal strains that have decreased susceptibility to antibiotics; however, little is known about how these mutations influence bacterial interaction with the host immune system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFumarate is a tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite whose intracellular accumulation is linked to inflammatory signaling and development of cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that endogenous fumarate accumulation upregulates surface expression of the immune stimulatory NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands ULBP2 and ULBP5. In agreement with this, accumulation of fumarate by the therapeutic drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) also promotes ULBP2/5 surface expression.
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