Effects of daily administration of melatonin before bedtime on fasting insulin, glucose and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults and patients with metabolic diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Melatonin is increasingly used as a pharmacological sleep aid but it is also emerging as a regulator of glucose homoeostasis. Yet, previous research has been ambiguous with reports of both positive and negative effects of melatonin on glucose metabolism.

Objectives: To assess the effect of daily treatment with melatonin on fasting glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.

β-Lactoglobulin Elevates Insulin and Glucagon Concentrations Compared with Whey Protein-A Randomized Double-Blinded Crossover Trial in Patients with Type Two Diabetes Mellitus.

Whey protein is an insulinotropic fraction of dairy that reduces postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have recently shown that β-lactoglobulin (BLG), the largest protein fraction of whey, elevates insulin concentrations compared with iso-nitrogenous whey protein isolate (WPI) in healthy individuals. We therefore hypothesized that BLG pre-meals would lower glucose levels compared with WPI in patients with T2DM.

Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease - a systematic review.

Introduction: It is debated whether the presence of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) constitutes an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This review presents a summary of the literature examining the association between SH and atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods: A systematic literature search of the PubMed database was performed.

Diet and Healthy Lifestyle in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women increases the risk of both short-term and long-term complications, such as birth complications, babies large for gestational age (LGA), and type 2 diabetes in both mother and offspring. Lifestyle changes are essential in the management of GDM. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of the lifestyle changes which can be recommended in the management of GDM.

Licorice induced pseudohyperaldosteronism, severe hypertension, and long QT.

Summary: Excessive intake of licorice may cause pseudohyperaldosteronism which, in turn, may lead to hypertension and hypokalemia. Severe hypokalemia may lead to electrocardiogram (ECG) changes including long QT interval potentially progressing into malignant arrhythmias. Here we present a 43-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with chest pain and a stinging sensation in the upper extremities.