Increased enteral lipid supplementation is not associated with weight gain in extremely preterm infants with sufficient energy intakes.

Objectives: Practices for fortifying human milk vary among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It is unclear whether enteral energy intake above 140 kcal/kg/day with increased fat supplementation leads to greater weight gain in breastmilk-fed extremely preterm (EPT) infants.

Methods: Anthropometric and nutritional data were collected from clinical records for Swedish EPT infants born between gestational weeks 26 + 0 and 27 + 6.

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for undergraduate medical education - development and exploration of social validity.

Background: The development of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a framework for work-based training and assessment in undergraduate medical education has become popular. EPAs are defined as units of a professional activity requiring adequate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with a recognized output of professional labor, independently executable within a time frame, observable and measurable in its process and outcome, and reflecting one or more competencies. Before a new framework is implemented in a specific context, it is valuable to explore social validity, that is, the acceptability by relevant stakeholders.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-Discharge Feeding Problems in Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Objectives: Preterm infants have a high risk of post-discharge feeding problems, but there is a lack of population-based studies in infants born extremely preterm and little is known about underlying mechanisms. The objectives were to assess the incidence of post-discharge feeding problems and underweight in a population-based cohort of infants born extremely preterm in Sweden (EXPRESS) and identify perinatal risk factors.

Methods: Perinatal health data and prenatal/postnatal growth data was prospectively collected in the cohort.

Erythrocyte transfusions increased the risk of elevated serum ferritin in very low birthweight infants and were associated with altered longitudinal growth.

Aim: There has been a lack of population-based longitudinal data on serum ferritin in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants during hospitalisation. Our aim was to fill this gap in the knowledge and investigate risk factors for elevated serum ferritin and associations between erythrocyte transfusions and longitudinal growth.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed longitudinal data on 126 VLBW infants treated at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden, between 2010 and 2013.

[EPA (Entrustable professional activities) - an international approach to define key tasks that a doctor should be able to perform].

Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) define observable key tasks that a doctor should be able to do independently after having completed a certain level of education. Progression is facilitated by frequent assessments of the defined activities, with increased degree of independence. The observations should be supported by constructive feed-forward.

A novel and rapid method to quantify cytolytic replication of picornaviruses in cell culture.

Determining viral titers is a key issue in a wide variety of studies regarding different aspects of virology. The standard methods used for determining picornavirus titers are endpoint titration assay and plaque assay, both time consuming and laborious. The method described uses the tetrazolium salt MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide) that is reduced to formazane by cellular dehydrogenase, genes shown to be down-regulated during picornavirus infection.